Quasi-Diedergruppe

In der Mathematik sind Quasi-Diedergruppen gewisse endliche nicht-abelsche Gruppen der Ordnung 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}} , wobei n 4 {\displaystyle n\geq 4} ist.

Definition

Eine Quasi-Diedergruppe ist eine Gruppe, die von zwei Elementen a {\displaystyle a} und b {\displaystyle b} der Form

a , b a 2 n 1 = b 2 = 1 , b a b = a 2 n 2 1 {\displaystyle \langle a,b\mid a^{2^{n-1}}=b^{2}=1,bab=a^{2^{n-2}-1}\rangle }

mit n 4 {\displaystyle n\geq 4} erzeugt wird.

Anzahl Elemente

Aus b a b = a 2 n 2 1 {\displaystyle bab=a^{2^{n-2}-1}} folgt wegen b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle b^{2}=1} , dass b a = a 2 n 2 1 b {\displaystyle ba=a^{2^{n-2}-1}b} . Also kann jedes endliche Produkt der Erzeuger a {\displaystyle a} und b {\displaystyle b} der Quasi-Diedergruppe durch Anwendung dieser Regel auf die Form a i b j {\displaystyle a^{i}b^{j}} gebracht werden. Wegen a 2 n 1 = b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle a^{2^{n-1}}=b^{2}=1} folgt:

Die Quasi-Diedergruppe hat 2n Elemente: { 1 , a , a 2 , , a 2 n 1 , b , b a , b a 2 , , b a 2 n 1 } {\displaystyle \{1,a,a^{2},\ldots ,a^{2^{n-1}},b,ba,ba^{2},\ldots ,ba^{2^{n-1}}\}}

Beispiel

Die kleinste Quasi-Diedergruppe hat die Ordnung 16 {\displaystyle 16} und wird von zwei Elementen a {\displaystyle a} und b {\displaystyle b} erzeugt, die die Gleichungen a 8 = b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle a^{8}=b^{2}=1} und b a b = a 3 {\displaystyle bab=a^{3}} erfüllen. Da b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle b^{2}=1} , folgt aus der letzten Gleichung nach Rechtsmultiplikation mit b {\displaystyle b} , dass b a = a 3 b {\displaystyle ba=a^{3}b} . Also kann man in einer beliebigen Folge von a {\displaystyle a} 's und b {\displaystyle b} 's jedes vor einem a {\displaystyle a} stehende b {\displaystyle b} hinter das a {\displaystyle a} bringen, wenn man dieses durch a 3 {\displaystyle a^{3}} ersetzt. Daraus folgt dann, dass alle Elemente dieser Gruppe von der Form 1 , a , a 2 , , a 7 , b , a b , , a 7 b {\displaystyle 1,a,a^{2},\ldots ,a^{7},b,ab,\ldots ,a^{7}b} sind. Ferner lassen sich mit obigen Gleichungen sämtliche Multiplikationen in der Gruppe bestimmen. Als Beispiel betrachten wir die beiden Produkte aus a 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}} und a 3 b {\displaystyle a^{3}b} :

a 2 a 3 b = a 5 b {\displaystyle a^{2}\cdot a^{3}b=a^{5}b}     (denn a 2 a 3 = a 5 {\displaystyle a^{2}a^{3}=a^{5}} )
a 3 b a 2 = a 3 a 3 b a = a 3 a 3 a 3 b = a 9 b = a b {\displaystyle a^{3}b\cdot a^{2}=a^{3}a^{3}ba=a^{3}a^{3}a^{3}b=a^{9}b=ab}     (zweimal b {\displaystyle b} nach rechts bringen und a 8 = 1 {\displaystyle a^{8}=1} verwenden)

Insgesamt erhalten wir die folgende Verknüpfungstafel

{\displaystyle \,\cdot } 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b}
1 {\displaystyle \,1} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b}
a {\displaystyle \,a} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b}
a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab}
a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b}
a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b}
a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b}
a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b}
a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b}
b {\displaystyle \,b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}}
a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}}
a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}}
a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1}
a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a}
a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}}
a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}}
a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 7 b {\displaystyle \,a^{7}b} a 2 b {\displaystyle \,a^{2}b} a 5 b {\displaystyle \,a^{5}b} b {\displaystyle \,b} a 3 b {\displaystyle \,a^{3}b} a 6 b {\displaystyle \,a^{6}b} a b {\displaystyle \,ab} a 4 b {\displaystyle \,a^{4}b} a 7 {\displaystyle \,a^{7}} a 2 {\displaystyle \,a^{2}} a 5 {\displaystyle \,a^{5}} 1 {\displaystyle \,1} a 3 {\displaystyle \,a^{3}} a 6 {\displaystyle \,a^{6}} a {\displaystyle \,a} a 4 {\displaystyle \,a^{4}}

Siehe auch

  • Diedergruppe
  • Liste kleiner Gruppen

Literatur

  • Bertram Huppert: Endliche Gruppen (= Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften in Einzeldarstellungen. Bd. 134, ISSN 0072-7830). Band 1. Springer, Berlin u. a. 1967, S. 90–93.