1931 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1931.
Plants
Angiosperms
Monocots
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysichiton washingtonense[2] | Sp nov | Valid? | Latah Formation |
| First described as a skunk cabbage fruit species | ![]() |
Superasterids - basal
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nyssa hesperia[2] | Sp nov | valid | Latah Formation |
| A tuplo seed species.[4] |
Superrosids - Basal
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitis bonseri[2] | Sp nov | valid | Latah Formation |
| A grape seed species. |
Superrosids - Fabids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hicoria washingtoniana[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | Latah Formation |
| First described as a hickory species. | ![]() | |||
Quercus mccanni[2] | Sp nov | valid | Latah Formation |
| An oak species. | ![]() |
Superrosids - Malvids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ptelea miocenica[2] | Sp nov | valid | Latah Formation |
| An hoptree species. | ![]() |
Incertae sedis
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phyllites couleeannus[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | Latah Formation |
| First described as a leaf morphospecies of uncertain affinity. | ![]() |
Arthropods
Insects
Blattoidea
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sp. nov | Jr synonym | Snyder | Latah Formation |
| A Stylotermitid termite. |
Coleoptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pterostichus fernquisti[8] | sp. nov | Wickham | Latah Formation |
| ||||
Dytiscus latahensis[8] | sp. nov | Wickham | Latah Formation |
| A predaceous diving beetle |
Diptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | valid |
Hemiptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latahcoris[10] | Gen et sp. nov | Cockerell | Latah Formation |
| A tessaratomid giant stink bug |
Hymenoptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bombus proavus[10] | Sp. nov | Cockerell | Latah Formation |
|
Hemiptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miocordulia[11] | Gen et sp. nov | Kennedy | Latah Formation |
| A corduliid dragonfly |
Hemiptera
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miopsyche[12] | Gen et 2 sp. nov | Latah Formation |
| A northern caddisfly genus | ||||
Phryganea spokanensis[12] | Sp. nov | Latah Formation |
| A giant caddisfly species |
Vertebrates
Conodonts
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Idiognathodus[13] | Gen et sp nov | valid | Gunnell | The type species is I. simulator |
Jawless fish
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardipeltis[14] | Gen est sp nov | Valid | A heterostracan agnathan | ![]() |
Newly named archosauromorphs
Dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[15]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brasileosaurus[16] | Gen et sp nov | vald? | First named as a coelurosaur | ||||||
Gen et comb nov | Valid | Cretaceous |
| ![]() | |||||
Embasaurus[19] | Gen et sp nov | valid? | Cretaceous | Neocomian sands | A theropod of uncertain placement. | ||||
Orthogoniosaurus[20] | Gen et sp nov | Das-Gupta | Late Cretaceous | An indeterminate theropod tooth-taxon. | |||||
Tetragonosaurus[21] | Gen et comb nov | Rejected name | Parks | Cretaceous | First described as a small "cheneosaurine" hadrosaur. | ![]() |
Synapsids
Non-mammalian
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior synonym of Pristerodon. | ||||||
Valid | Watson | 250 Millions of years ago. | Despite the meaning of his name, it was not related to lizards. | ![]() | ||
Valid | Broom | |||||
Valid | Broom | 261 Millions of years ago. | ||||
Valid | Broom | 257 Millions of years ago. | ![]() | |||
Valid | Huene | 261 Millions of years ago. | A protomammal with strange bumps on its head. | ![]() | ||
Valid | Broom | 257 Millions of years ago. | ||||
Junior synonym of Neomegacyclops.[dubious – discuss] | ||||||
Valid | Boonstra |
References
- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ a b c d e f g Berry, E.W. (1932). "A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington". Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931 (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 31–42. doi:10.3133/pp170C. 170-C.
- ^ Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226.Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library
- ^ Eyde, R.H. (1997). "Fossil record and ecology of Nyssa (Cornaceae)". The Botanical Review. 63 (2): 97–123. Bibcode:1997BotRv..63...97E. doi:10.1007/BF02935928.
- ^ Brown, R.W. (1946). "Alterations in some fossil and living floras". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 36 (10): 344–355.
- ^ Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington IV. Isoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317.
- ^ Emerson, A.E. (1971). "Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 146 (3): 243–304. hdl:2246/1093.
- ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington V. Coleoptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 317–318.
- ^ Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.
- ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 309–312. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.309.
- ^ Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 313–316.
- ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 319–322. doi:10.1093/aesa/24.2.319.
- ^ Gunnell, F. (1931). "Conodonts from the Fort Scott Limestone of Missouri". Journal of Paleontology. 5 (3): 244–252. JSTOR 1297961.
- ^ Branson, E.B.; Mehl, M.G. (1931). "Fishes of the Jefferson Formation of Utah". The Journal of Geology. 39 (6): 509–531. Bibcode:1931JG.....39..509B. doi:10.1086/623876. JSTOR 30080820.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Huene, F. 1931. Die fossilien Faehrten in Rhaet von Ischigualasto in Nordwest Argentinien. Paleob. 4 (2) Viena.
- ^ Simpson (1937). "An ancient eusuchian crocodile from Patagonia". American Museum Novitates (965): 1–20.
- ^ Stromer, E. 1931. Vertebrate animal remainders of the Baharije stage (lowest Cenoman). 10. A skeleton remainder of Carcharodontosaurus Nov. towards. Abh. Bavarian Akad. Wissensch. Math. natutwiss. Abbott. 9: pp. 1 23.
- ^ Riabinin, A.N. 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. Zapiski Russkogo Min. Obshchestva (ser. 2) 60: pp. 110-113.
- ^ Dasgupta, H.C. 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (Orthogoniosaurus matleyi, n. gen. et. n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 26: pp. 367-369.
- ^ Parks, W.A. 1931. A new genus and two new species of trachodont dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta. Univ. Toronto Stud. (Geol. Ser.) 31: pp. 1-11.
- ^ Dodson, Peter (1975). "Taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine dinosaurs". Systematic Zoology. 24 (1): 37–54. doi:10.2307/2412696. JSTOR 2412696.