2000 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2000.
Plants
Angiosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chaneya[2] | Gen et 2 comb nov | Valid | Wang & Manchester | A genus of uncertain affiliation | ![]() |
Arthropods
Arachnids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baltocteniza[3] | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Eskov & Zonstein | The type and only species is Baltocteniza kulickae | ||||
Gen et sp nov | Valid | Eskov & Zonstein | The type and only species is Electrocteniza sadilenkoi |
Crustaceans
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov | Valid | Yokoi & Karasawa |
Insects
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Makarkiniidae[5] | Fam nov | jr synonym | Martins-Neto | A lacewing family, syn of Kalligrammatidae | ||||
Sp nov | valid | Fernández-Rubio & Nel | Paleolake Céreste | A moth, possibly a species of Neurosymploca | ![]() |
Molluscs
Bivalves
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camyidae[6] | fam nov | valid | Hinz-Schallreuter | type and only genus Camya |
Fishes
Newly named placoderms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleosteus[7] | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Johnson, Elliott, & Wittke | Lower Devonian | Sevy Dolomite Formation, Nevada | The type species is Aleosteus eganensis. |
Newly named cartilaginous fish
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debeerius[8] | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Grogan & Lund | Carboniferous (late Chesterian) | An early cartilaginous fish with an anatomy intermediate to the chimaeroid and selachian plans. The type species is D. ellefseni. |
Amphibians
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
| Middle Cretaceous | The type species is Avitabatrachus uliana. | ||||
Banksiops[10] | Valid |
| A replacement genus for Banksia Warren & Mariscano, 1998 preoccupied for arachnid Banksia Voigt & Oudermans, 1905. | ||||
Jeholotriton[11] | Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | Daohugou Bed Formation | The type species is Jeholotriton paradoxus. | ||
Rileymillerus[12] | Valid |
| Upper Triassic | The type species is Rileymillerus cosgriffi. |
Ichthyosaurs
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegirosaurus[13] | Valid |
| Upper Jurassic | The type species is Aegirosaurus leptospondylus. | |||
Callawayia[14] | Valid |
| Upper Triassic | A new genus for "Shastasaurus" neoscapularis. | |||
Valid |
| Upper Triassic | Falang Formation | The type species is Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae. | |||
Phantomosaurus[14] | Valid |
| Middle Triassic | Upper Muschelkalk Formation | A new genus for "Shastasaurus" neubigi. |
Archosauromorphs
Newly named crurotarsans
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adzhosuchus[16] | Valid |
| Late Jurassic | Shar Teg Beds | A basal crocodylomorph. The type species is Adzhosuchus fuscus. | ||
Kyasuchus[17] | Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | A basal crocodilomorph. The type species is Kyasuchus saevi. | |||
Simosuchus[18] | Valid |
| Late Cretaceous | A notosuchian. The type species is Simosuchus clarki. | |||
Stolokrosuchus[19] | Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | El Rhaz Formation | A neosuchian. The type species is Stolokrosuchus lapparenti. |
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[20]
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bambiraptor[21] | Valid |
| A very bird-like two foot long dromaeosaurid. May be a juvenile Saurornitholestes. | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||
Byronosaurus[22] | Valid |
| A five foot long troodontid. Mysteriously, skulls of extremely small juveniles have been recovered from an oviraptorosaur nest. This may be evidence of brood parasitism or predator-prey relationships between the two species. | |||||
Caudipteryx dongi [23] | Valid |
| Lower Yixian Formation | A caudipterygid oviraptorosaur | ||||
Charonosaurus[24] | Valid |
| A 13 m (42.5 ft) long Parasaurolophus-like lambeosaur. | |||||
Chuanjiesaurus[25] | Valid |
| A mamenchisaurid. | |||||
Fukuiraptor[26] | Valid |
| A neovenatorid known only from juvenile specimens. | |||||
| Formally named Kinnareemimus in 2009 in paleontology. | |||||||
Glyptodontopelta[27] | Valid |
| Ojo Alamo Sandstone | Named after the armored mammal Glyptodon. | ||||
Graciliceratops[28] | Valid | Sheeregeen Gashoon Formation | Primitive ceratopsian. Only a partial skeleton has been found. | |||||
Huabeisaurus[29] | Valid |
| Opisthocoelicaudia-like titanosaurid. | |||||
Nomen nudum; synonym of Iguanodon | Conybeare vide:
| Junior synonym of Iguanodon. | ||||||
Ilokelesia[30] | Valid |
| A primitive abelisaur who name is derived from "flesh lizard" in Mapuche. | |||||
Isanosaurus[31] | Valid |
| A small, 6.5 metres (21 ft) long sauropod. | |||||
Jeholosaurus[32] | Valid |
| A 71.1 centimetres (28.0 in) long hypsilophodont. | |||||
Microraptor[33] | Valid |
| A tiny "four-winged" dromaeosaurid. | |||||
Nanyangosaurus[34] | Valid |
| A hadrosauroid. | |||||
Nomingia[35] | Valid |
| Beds of Bugeen Tsav | The first non-avian dinosaur known to have a pygostyle at the end of its tail. In life this structure probably supported a fan of feathers. | ||||
Nqwebasaurus[36] | Valid |
| The earliest known coelurosaur from Gondwana, the type specimen was a three foot long juvenile with preserved gastroliths in its stomach. | |||||
"Ponerosteus"[37] | Nomen dubium; possibly non-dinosaurian |
| A dubious taxon whose name means "useless bone" to reflect the low quality of the material, which had fueled taxonomic confusion. | |||||
Pyroraptor[38] | Valid |
| A dromaeosaurid known from a single specimen. | |||||
Rocasaurus[39] | Valid |
| A small, 8 meter long titanosaur. | |||||
| An Allosaurus-like theropod estimated to be 8 meters (26 ft) long. Only ten percent of its skeleton is known. | |||||||
Sauroposeidon[40] | Valid |
| A gigantic brachiosaur with an estimated length of up to 34 m (112 ft) and a mass of 50–60 t (55–66 short tons). It is known from four neck vertebrae. | |||||
Tendaguria[41] | Valid |
| A 20 meters (66 ft) long sauropod. |
Newly named birds
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alca stewarti [42] | Valid | Sp. nov. | James W. R. Martin Richard H. C. Bonser | Early Pliocene | Kattendijk Sands Formation | An Alcidae. | ||
Ameripodius alexis [43] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Early Miocene | MN 2a | A Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992. | |||
Valid | Sp. nov. | Ampoza | ||||||
Cerestenia pulchrapenna [45] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Oligocene | Possibly a stem Turnicidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||
Cygnus verae [46] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Zlatozar N. Boev | Early Pliocene | MN 14, Ruscinian | An Anatidae. | ||
Eocoracias brachyptera [47] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Eocene | The type species of the new genus, placed in the new family Eocoraciidae G. Mayr et Mourer-Chauviré, 2000. | ||||
Fratercula dowi [48] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Daniel A. Guthrie Howell W. Thomas George L. Kennedy | Late Pleistocene | Late Rancholabrean, |
| An Alcidae. | |
Frigidafons babaheydariensis [49] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Dieter S. Peters Ali Hamedani | Early Oligocene | A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, transferred to Diomedeoides Fischer, 1985 by Mayr, Peters & Rietschel, 2002 and to Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Mayr & Smith, 2012. | |||
Gallirallus huiatua [50] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Atholl J. Anderson Richard Walter | A Rallidae. | ||||
Geranopterus milneedwardsi [47] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Phosphotites du Quercy, MP 16-28 | A Geranopteridae Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000. | ||||
Jibeinia luanhera [51] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Lianhai Hou | An Enantiornithes, described in 1997 but the name was a labelname, so a Nomen Nudum, in 2000 Hou gave a short description in the Picture Book of Chinese Fossil Birds, making the name valid. | ||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Hou Lianhan Gu Gang | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. The type species of the new genus. | |||||
Megapodius amissus [53] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Cave deposits, Viti Levu | A Megapodiidae. | ||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Cave deposits, | A Megapodiidae, the type species of the new genus. | |||||
Messelirrisor grandis [54] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Early Middle Eocene | An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979. | ||||
Nycticorax kalavikai [50] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Atholl J. Anderson Richard Walter | An Ardeidae. | ||||
Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Oligocene | MP 23-24 | A stem Coliidae. | ||||
Paraortygoides messelensis [56] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Eocene | A Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900. | ||||
Phirriculus pinicola [57] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Jirí Mlíkovský Ursula B. Göhlich | Early Miocene | MN 2a and MN 3 | |||
Porzana piercei [58] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Middle Pleistocene | Government Quarry | A Rallidae. | |||
Potamornis skutchi [59] | Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | Thomas A. Stidham | Late Maastrichtian |
| A Hesperornithiformas. | ||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Valid | Zhang Fucheng | An Enanthornithes. This is the type species of the new genus. | |||||
Pulchapollia gracilis [61] | Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | Joanne H. Cooper | Early Eocene | Ypresian, MP 8, London Clay |
| A Psittaciformes, Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972, this is the type species of the new genus. | |
Qiluornis taishanensis [62] | Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | Lian-Hai Hou Fu-Cheng Zhang Jun-De Li | An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||
Rallus ibycus [58] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Middle Pleistocene | Government Quarry | A Rallidae. | |||
Salmila robusta [63] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Eocene | A Gruiformes, Salmilidae Mayr, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||
Serudaptus pohli [64] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Middle Eocene | A Psittaciformes, Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||
Turnipax dissipata [45] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Early-Middle Oligocene | MP 21-25 | Possibly a stem Turnicidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |||
Tynskya eocaena [65] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Early Eocene | MP 8, London Clay |
| A Messelasturidae Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Newly named pterosaurs
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domeykodactylus[66] | Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | Santa Ana Formation | A pterodactyloid. The type species is Domeykodactylus ceciliae. | ||
Valid |
| Early Cretaceous | A pterodactyloid. Reclassified in 2006 to the genus Coloborhynchus.[68] |
Synapsids
Non-mammalian
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australobarbarus[69] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Sokolki Faunal Assemblage | A dicynodont. Two species are described Australobarbarus kotelnitshi (type) and A. platycephalus. | ||
Charruodon[70] | Valid |
| Upper Triassic | A cynodont. The type species is Charruodon tetracuspidatus. | |||
Chlynovia[71] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Sokolki Faunal Assemblage | A therocephalian. The type species is Chlynovia serridentatus. | ||
Dadadon[72] | Valid |
| Middle-Upper Triassic | A eucynodont. The type species is Dadadon isaloi. | |||
Menadon[72] | Valid |
| Middle-Upper Triassic | Makay Formation | A eucynodont. The type species is Menodon besairiei. | ||
Nikkasaurus[73] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Mezen Faunal Assemblage | A nikkasaurid. The type species is Nikkasaurus tatarinovi. | ||
Reiszia[73] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Mezen Faunal Assemblage | A nikkasaurid. Two species are described Reiszia gubini (type) and R. tippula. | ||
Scalopodontes[71] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Sokolki Faunal Assemblage | A theriocephalian. The type species is Scalopodontes kotelnichi | ||
Suchogorgon[74] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Sokolki Faunal Assemblage | A gorgonopsid. The type species is Suchogorgon golubevi. | ||
Vivaxosaurus[75] | Valid |
| Upper Permian | Sokolki Faunal Assemblage | A dicynodont. The type species is Vivaxosaurus permicus. |
See also
Footnotes
Complete author list
As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.
References
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- ^ Yokoi, Takayuki; Karasawa, Hiroaki (January 2000). "Additions to Cretaceous decapod crustaceans from Hokkaido, Japan – Part 2. Chilenophoberidae". Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum. 27: 191–194.
- ^ Bechly, G.; Makarkin, V. N. (2016). "A new gigantic lacewing species (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil confirms the occurrence of Kalligrammatidae in the Americas". Cretaceous Research. 58: 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.014.
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- ^ Wang, Y. (2000). "A new salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 38 (2): 100–103. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2000.02.003.
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- ^ Bardet, N.; Fernández, M. (2000). "A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 74 (3): 503–511. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0503:ANIFTU>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 131190803.
- ^ a b Maisch, M.W.; Matzke, A.T. (2000). "The Ichthyosauria". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) (298): 1–160.
- ^ Yin G.; Zhou X.; Cao Z.; Yu Y; Luo Y. (2000). "A preliminary study on the Early Late Triassic marine reptiles from Guanling Guizhou, China". Geology, Geochemistry. 28 (3): 1–22.
- ^ Efimov, M.B.; Gubin, Y.M. & Kurzanov, S.M. (2000). "New primitive crocodile (Crocodylomorpha: Shartegosuchidae) from the Jurassic of Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 34: 238–241.
- ^ Efimov, M.B. & Leshchinskiy, S.V. (2000). First finding of the fossil crocodile skull in Siberia [in Russian]. In: Komarov, A.V., ed., Materialy regional’noj konferencii geologov Sibiri, Dal’nego Vostoka i Severo−Vostoka Rossii. Tom II, 361–363. GalaPress, Tomsk.
- ^ Buckley, G.A.; Brochu, C.A.; Krause, D.W. & Pol, D. (2000). "A pug-nosed crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Nature. 405 (6789): 941–944. Bibcode:2000Natur.405..941B. doi:10.1038/35016061. PMID 10879533. S2CID 4426288.
- ^ Larrson, H.C.E.; Gado, B. (2000). "A new early Cretaceous crocodyliform from Niger". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 217 (1): 131–141. doi:10.1127/njgpa/217/2000/131.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Burnham, D.A., K.L. Derstler, P.J. Currie, R.T. Bakker, Z. Zhou, and J.H. Ostrom. 2000. Remarkable new birdlike dinosaur (Theropoda: Maniraptora) from the Upper Cretaceous of Montana. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 13: pp. 1-14.
- ^ Norell, M.A., P.J. Makovicky, and J.M. Clark. 2000. A new troodontid theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Jpornal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: pp. 1-11.
- ^ Zhou Zhonghe; Wang Xiaolin (2000). "A New Species of Caudipteryx from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, Northeast China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 38 (4): 111–127. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.2000.02.005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
- ^ Godefroit P., S. Zan, and L. Jin. 2000. Charonosaurus jiayinensis n.g., n.sp., a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of northeastern China. Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences du Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 330: pp. 875–882 (Paléontologie des Vertébrés).
- ^ Fang, Pang, Lü, Zhang, Pan, Wang, Li, and Cheng. 2000. Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic divisions of the Lufeng region of Yunnan Province. Pp. 208-214 in: Proceedings of the Third National Stratigraphical Conference of China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
- ^ Azuma, Y. and P.J. Currie. 2000. A new carnosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. Can. J. Earth Sci. 37: pp. 1735-1753.
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- ^ Xu, X., X. Wang, and H. You. 2000. A primitive ornithopod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 38 (4): pp. 318-325.
- ^ Xu X.; Zhou Z.; Wang X. (2000). "The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur" (PDF). Nature. 408 (6813): 705–708. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..705X. doi:10.1038/35047056. PMID 11130069. S2CID 4411157.
- ^ Xu, Z., X.J. Zhao, J.-C. Lu, W.-B. Huang, Z.-Y. Li Z., and Z.-M. Dong. 2000. A new Iguanodontian from Sangping Formation of Neixiang, Henan and its stratigraphical implications. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 38 (3): pp. 176-191.
- ^ Barsbold, R.; Osmólska, H.; Watabe, M.; Currie, P.J.; Tsogtbaatar, K. (2000). "A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia: the first dinosaur with a pygostyle". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 45 (2): 97–106.
- ^ de Klerk W.J.; Forster C.A.; Sampson S.D.; Chinsamy A.; Ross C.F. (2000). "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ancdft]2.0.co;2. S2CID 128622530.
- ^ Olshevsky, G. 2000. An annotated checklist of dinosaur species by continent. Mesozoic Meanderings 3: pp. 1-157.
- ^ Allain R.; Taquet P. (2000). "A new genus of Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of France". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (2): 404–407. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0404:angodd]2.0.co;2. S2CID 85651716.
- ^ Salgado L., Azpilicueta C. (2000). "Un nuevo saltasaurino (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) de la provincia de Rio Negro (Formacion Allen, Cretacico Superior), Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana. 37 (3): 259–264.
- ^ Wedel M.J., R.L. Cifelli, and R.K. Sanders. 2000. Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon. Acta Palaeontologica Polinica 45 (4): pp. 343–388
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