37th parallel north
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The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
At this latitude the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 42 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 37 minutes during the winter solstice.[1]
The 37th parallel north is roughly the northern limit of the visibility of Canopus, the second-brightest star of the night sky. Along with the 37th parallel south, it is the latitude at which solar irradiance is closest to the planetary average,[2] with higher solar irradiance equatorward and lower poleward.
Around the world
Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastward, the parallel 37° north passes through:
Co-ordinates Country, territory or sea Notes 37°0′N 0°0′E / 37.000°N 0.000°E / 37.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) Mediterranean Sea 37°0′N 6°15′E / 37.000°N 6.250°E / 37.000; 6.250 (Algeria) Algeria 37°0′N 6°34′E / 37.000°N 6.567°E / 37.000; 6.567 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea 37°0′N 7°15′E / 37.000°N 7.250°E / 37.000; 7.250 (Algeria) Algeria 37°0′N 7°33′E / 37.000°N 7.550°E / 37.000; 7.550 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea 37°0′N 8°52′E / 37.000°N 8.867°E / 37.000; 8.867 (Tunisia) Tunisia 37°0′N 10°11′E / 37.000°N 10.183°E / 37.000; 10.183 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Gulf of Tunis 37°0′N 10°53′E / 37.000°N 10.883°E / 37.000; 10.883 (Tunisia) Tunisia Cap Bon 37°0′N 11°4′E / 37.000°N 11.067°E / 37.000; 11.067 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea Strait of Sicily, passing just north of the island of Pantelleria, Italy 37°0′N 14°20′E / 37.000°N 14.333°E / 37.000; 14.333 (Italy) Italy Island of Sicily
— Province of Ragusa
— Province of Siracusa37°0′N 15°16′E / 37.000°N 15.267°E / 37.000; 15.267 (Ionian Sea) Ionian Sea 37°0′N 21°39′E / 37.000°N 21.650°E / 37.000; 21.650 (Greece) Greece Peloponnese (Messenia) 37°0′N 21°57′E / 37.000°N 21.950°E / 37.000; 21.950 (Ionian Sea) Ionian Sea Messenian Gulf 37°0′N 22°09′E / 37.000°N 22.150°E / 37.000; 22.150 (Greece) Greece Peloponnese
— Messenia
— Laconia37°0′N 23°0′E / 37.000°N 23.000°E / 37.000; 23.000 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea Myrtoan Sea 37°0′N 24°40′E / 37.000°N 24.667°E / 37.000; 24.667 (Greece) Greece Island of Sifnos 37°0′N 24°44′E / 37.000°N 24.733°E / 37.000; 24.733 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 25°1′E / 37.000°N 25.017°E / 37.000; 25.017 (Greece) Greece Islands of Antiparos and Paros 37°0′N 25°13′E / 37.000°N 25.217°E / 37.000; 25.217 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 25°23′E / 37.000°N 25.383°E / 37.000; 25.383 (Greece) Greece Island of Naxos 37°0′N 25°34′E / 37.000°N 25.567°E / 37.000; 25.567 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 26°26′E / 37.000°N 26.433°E / 37.000; 26.433 (Greece) Greece Island of Levitha 37°0′N 26°30′E / 37.000°N 26.500°E / 37.000; 26.500 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 26°55′E / 37.000°N 26.917°E / 37.000; 26.917 (Greece) Greece Island of Kalymnos 37°0′N 27°3′E / 37.000°N 27.050°E / 37.000; 27.050 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 27°15′E / 37.000°N 27.250°E / 37.000; 27.250 (Turkey) Turkey 37°0′N 27°47′E / 37.000°N 27.783°E / 37.000; 27.783 (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea 37°0′N 28°13′E / 37.000°N 28.217°E / 37.000; 28.217 (Turkey) Turkey Passing through Adana and Nizip 37°0′N 40°25′E / 37.000°N 40.417°E / 37.000; 40.417 (Syria) Syria 37°0′N 42°18′E / 37.000°N 42.300°E / 37.000; 42.300 (Iraq) Iraq 37°0′N 44°16′E / 37.000°N 44.267°E / 37.000; 44.267 (Turkey) Turkey Şemdinli district (for about 7 km (4.3 mi)) 37°0′N 44°20′E / 37.000°N 44.333°E / 37.000; 44.333 (Iraq) Iraq 37°0′N 44°54′E / 37.000°N 44.900°E / 37.000; 44.900 (Iran) Iran 37°0′N 50°32′E / 37.000°N 50.533°E / 37.000; 50.533 (Caspian Sea) Caspian Sea 37°0′N 54°0′E / 37.000°N 54.000°E / 37.000; 54.000 (Iran) Iran 37°0′N 60°3′E / 37.000°N 60.050°E / 37.000; 60.050 (Turkmenistan) Turkmenistan 37°0′N 64°47′E / 37.000°N 64.783°E / 37.000; 64.783 (Afghanistan) Afghanistan 37°0′N 67°56′E / 37.000°N 67.933°E / 37.000; 67.933 (Tajikistan) Tajikistan 37°0′N 68°10′E / 37.000°N 68.167°E / 37.000; 68.167 (Afghanistan) Afghanistan 37°0′N 71°28′E / 37.000°N 71.467°E / 37.000; 71.467 (Tajikistan) Tajikistan 37°0′N 72°28′E / 37.000°N 72.467°E / 37.000; 72.467 (Afghanistan) Afghanistan 37°0′N 74°34′E / 37.000°N 74.567°E / 37.000; 74.567 (Pakistan) Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan - claimed by India 37°0′N 74°50′E / 37.000°N 74.833°E / 37.000; 74.833 (China) People's Republic of China Xinjiang - for about 14 km (8.7 mi) 37°0′N 75°0′E / 37.000°N 75.000°E / 37.000; 75.000 (Pakistan) Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan - for about 14 km (8.7 mi), claimed by India 37°0′N 75°9′E / 37.000°N 75.150°E / 37.000; 75.150 (China) People's Republic of China Xinjiang
Qinghai
Gansu
Ningxia
Gansu
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Hebei
Shandong37°0′N 122°32′E / 37.000°N 122.533°E / 37.000; 122.533 (Yellow Sea) Yellow Sea Asan Bay 37°0′N 126°20′E / 37.000°N 126.333°E / 37.000; 126.333 (South Korea) South Korea South Chungcheong Province
Gyeonggi Province - passing through Pyeongtaek, Anseong
North Chungcheong Province - passing just north of Chungju
North Gyeongsang Province37°0′N 129°25′E / 37.000°N 129.417°E / 37.000; 129.417 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan 37°0′N 136°46′E / 37.000°N 136.767°E / 37.000; 136.767 (Japan) Japan Island of Honshū:
— Ishikawa Prefecture37°0′N 137°3′E / 37.000°N 137.050°E / 37.000; 137.050 (Sea of Japan) Sea of Japan Toyama Bay 37°0′N 137°42′E / 37.000°N 137.700°E / 37.000; 137.700 (Japan) Japan Island of Honshū:
— Niigata Prefecture
— Nagano Prefecture
— Niigata Prefecture
— Gunma Prefecture − for around 10 km (6.2 mi)
— Niigata Prefecture − for around 7 km (4.3 mi)
— Fukushima Prefecture
— Tochigi Prefecture
— Ibaraki Prefecture
— Fukushima Prefecture37°0′N 140°59′E / 37.000°N 140.983°E / 37.000; 140.983 (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean 37°0′N 122°11′W / 37.000°N 122.183°W / 37.000; -122.183 (United States) United States California - landfall at Bonny Doon Beach just north of Santa Cruz and falling in Fresno
Nevada - Falling South of Alamo and Gold Point
Utah / Arizona border
Colorado / New Mexico border
Colorado / Oklahoma border
Kansas / Oklahoma border
Missouri
Illinois (at its southernmost point)
Kentucky - passing through Bowling Green and just south of Paducah
Virginia - passing through Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (specifically, the bridge between the two tunnels)37°0′N 76°18′W / 37.000°N 76.300°W / 37.000; -76.300 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean 37°0′N 25°10′W / 37.000°N 25.167°W / 37.000; -25.167 (Portugal) Portugal Santa Maria Island in the Azores 37°0′N 25°3′W / 37.000°N 25.050°W / 37.000; -25.050 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean 37°0′N 8°57′W / 37.000°N 8.950°W / 37.000; -8.950 (Portugal) Portugal Sagres Point 37°0′N 8°56′W / 37.000°N 8.933°W / 37.000; -8.933 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean 37°0′N 7°59′W / 37.000°N 7.983°W / 37.000; -7.983 (Portugal) Portugal Cape Santa Maria 37°0′N 7°50′W / 37.000°N 7.833°W / 37.000; -7.833 (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Cádiz 37°0′N 6°32′W / 37.000°N 6.533°W / 37.000; -6.533 (Spain) Spain 37°0′N 1°53′W / 37.000°N 1.883°W / 37.000; -1.883 (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea
United States
In the United States, the parallel defines the southern borders of Utah, Colorado, and Kansas, and the northern borders of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. It dates to the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 when Congress divided Unorganized Territory into Kansas and Nebraska north of the 37th parallel and a remainder Indian Territory to the south. Before that, the line had been thought to be the boundary between the Cherokee and Osage reservations – the 2.46 miles (3.96 km) discrepancy resulting in the creation of the Cherokee Strip. Congress extended the line west to New Mexico Territory, thus defining which states and territories would constitute The South between the Colorado and Mississippi Rivers, and creating what later became the Oklahoma Panhandle.[3]
Landmarks on the 37th parallel include Santa Cruz, California; Gilroy, California; Madera, California; Ubehebe Crater in Death Valley; Colorado City, Arizona; the Four Corners at the intersection with the 32nd meridian west from Washington (the only place where four U.S. states meet at a point); Cairo, Illinois; Bowling Green, Kentucky; and Newport News, and Hampton, Virginia. It enters the Chesapeake Bay at the northernmost tunnel entrance / exit of the Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel and the southernmost point of Old Point Comfort on the former Army base, Ft. Monroe.
The parallel 37° north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
See also
References
- ^ "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year". U.S. Naval Observatory. 2019-09-24. Archived from the original on 2019-10-12. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
- ^ See Nadeau, Alice and McGhee, Richard; ‘A simple formula for a planet's mean annual insolation by latitude’; Icarus, volume 291, 15 July 2017, pp. 46-50
- ^ Hubbard, Bill (2009). American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-226-35591-7. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
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