Abd-ru-shin

Oskar Ernst Bernhardt, also known as Abd-ru-shin or Abdruschin (18 April 1875 – 6 December 1941) was a German religious leader, best known as the author of The Grail Message and as prophet and leader of the Grail Movement, a millenarian new religious movement.^[1] Beginning in the 1920s, Abd-ru-shin proclaimed that the Millennial kingdom of God would begin on Earth during the mid 1930s, drawing from Christian legend, as well as Theosophy and other Western Esotericism.^[1]

Bernhardt was born in Bischofswerda, in the Kingdom of Saxony, part of the German Empire, in 1875. He trained in business, and successfully established himself in Dresden. He traveled and wrote travel books, stories, and plays. He resided in New York and London. He was in London when World War I broke out and in 1915 he was interned by the British Government on the Isle of Man due to the outbreak of the First World War. He was released in the spring of 1919 and returned to Germany. He likely first began to forumulate his religious ideas during his internment. On Good Friday 1923, Bernhardt proclaimed that Jesus "came down to the Earth in order to transfer his task of the Mediator between God and mankind to the Son of Man." He began to write the religious writings of what ultimately become In the Light of Truth: The Grail Message beginning in 1923 and completed it in 1931. From 1924 he used the pen name "Abd-ru-shin" (originally "Abdruschin") of allegedly Persian-Arabic origin, which Bernhardt originally interpreted as meaning “The Son of the Holy Spirit”, but which many later authors have translated as "Son of Light".^[1] Bernhardt claimed to be the Messiah or Son of Man,^[2] and fortold an imminent coming of God's Kingdom on Earth in the mid 1930s.^[1]

In 1928, he settled in an estate at Vomperberg, Tyrol. By the end of the 1920s Bernhardt had managed to attract a following of several thousand people, primarily Germans, Austrians, Swiss and Czechs. At Vomperberg, Berhardt developed a settlement for his followers.^[1] In 1936, Abd-ru-shin was arrested "because of infractions of currency laws".^[1] The Nazis arrested Abd-ru-shin in 1936 on the grounds of illegal foreign exchange from Germany to Austria. It turns out that this operation^{[clarification needed]} was carried out in absentia, over his head, by two leaders of the Community. Therefore, he was unaware of anything and did not give his consent to this action. Records confirm that Abd-ru-shin had given an express order to his collaborators, that they should always strictly follow all legal requirements. Abd-ru-shin was arrested on that occasion without knowing anything about what was happening. Months later, he was declared innocent and released.^[3] The settlement ended when the Nazis got angry at him.^{[clarification needed]} Many of his former members^{[clarification needed]} were also angry with him.^[1][3] In 1938, Abd-ru-shin was arrested after Austria came under German occupation.^[4]

He was described in newspapers as the Messiah of the Tyrol and the Prophet of Vomperberg.^[5] He admitted in the Grail Message that the "leading newspapers" did describe him so.^[6] Certain strands of the Grail Movement consider Abd-ru-shin's wife Maria and her daughter divine as well.^[1][3]

Bernhardt died in 1941, without his prophecy being fulfilled. Bernhardt's followers would rationalise the failure of the prophecy following his death by suggesting that the date of the coming of God's kingdom is unknowable.^[1] After the war, his family returned to Vomperberg and carried on his work leading the Grail Movement.^[7]

Other writings by Abd-ru-shin published by Grail Foundation Press include The Ten Commandments of God and The Lord's Prayer, Questions and Answers, and Prayers.^[8]

• Messiah complex

• Kurt Hutten: Seher - Grübler - Enthusiasten. 1997, ISBN 3-7918-2130-X, S. 531–549
• Helmut Obst: Apostel und Propheten der Neuzeit – Gründer christlicher Religionsgemeinschaften des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts. 4., stark erweiterte und aktualisierte Auflage. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-55438-9
• Andreas Plagge: "Bernhardt, Oskar Ernst". In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 22, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-133-2, Sp. 120–122, [1].
• Georg Schmid: Kirchen, Sekten, Religionen. 2003, ISBN 3-290-17215-5, S. 219–221
• Lothar Gassmann: Zukunft, Zeit, Zeichen. Aufruf zur Wachsamkaeit, Verlag für Reformatorische Erneurung, Kaiserstr.78, D-42329 Wuppertal, 103 Seiten, [2].
• Patrick Diemling: Neuoffenbarungen Religionswissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf Texte und Medien des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, Universitätsverlag Potsdam, 2012, [3].

• Abd-ru-shin, Author of the Work: In the Light of Truth, The Grail Message
• Abd-ru-shin: In the Light of Truth, Grail Message
• 1920-1941: The history of the origin and development of Abd-ru-shin and his main work "In the Light of Truth"
• Abd-ru-shin: The Ten Commandments of God - Explained to Mankind by Abd-ru-shin
• Abd-ru-shin: The Lord's Prayer - Explained to Mankind by Abd-ru-shin
• Ordem do Graal na Terra (in English)
• Grail Message (1931)