Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers 1st Comte Baraguey d'Hilliers | |
---|---|
Portrait by Charles-Philippe Larivière, 1857 | |
Born | (1795-09-06)September 6, 1795 Paris, French First Republic |
Died | June 6, 1878(1878-06-06) (aged 82) Amélie-les-Bains, French Third Republic |
Allegiance | France |
Rank | Marshal of France |
Commands | Constantine |
Battles/wars | Battle of Möckern |
Alma mater | Prytanée National Militaire |
Relations | Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers |
Other work | Politician |
Louis-Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers (6 September 1795 – 6 June 1878), 1st Comte Baraguey d'Hilliers, was a Marshal of France and politician.[1]
Baraguey d'Hilliers was born in Paris,[2] the son of the French revolutionary general Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers. He was educated at the Prytanée National Militaire and joined the Grande Armée. Baraguey d'Hilliers served as a second lieutenant in the Russian campaign of 1812, and in 1813 was an aide-de-camp to Marshal Marmont at the Battle of Leipzig, where he lost his left hand.[1] Promoted to captain in 1815, he fought at Quatre Bras. In 1823, he served in the campaign to restore Bourbon power in Spain, where he remained until 1825.
He distinguished himself in Algeria, where he was promoted to colonel after the capture of Algiers in 1830. In 1834, Baraguey d'Hilliers was made vice-governor of the military academy of Saint Cyr, promoted to général de brigade in 1836, he was made commandant of the academy. Sent to Algeria in 1841, by 1843 he had been promoted to général de division and was made commandant of Constantine. Put on the non active list in 1844, by 1847 he was reinstated and made Inspector-General of infantry. After the Revolution of 1848, Nicolas Changarnier was sent as commanding general to Besançon and was elected to the constituent assembly for the department of Doubs.[1] He was one of the three candidates presented by President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte for the office of vice president of the Republic; he received only one vote.[3] He was then appointed commander-in-chief of the French troops that invaded the revolutionary Roman Republic, in 1849, in the context of the First Italian War of Independence.[1]
In 1851, he replaced as commander of the army of Paris Nicolas Changarnier, whom President Napoleon Louis Bonaparte distrusted, and was a supporter of the latter's coup d'état later in that year.[1] In 1853, Baraguey d'Hilliers was sent to Constantinople as ambassador extraordinaire, and recalled in 1854. During the Crimean War he was given command of the expeditionary force destined for the Baltic Sea. After capturing Bomarsund, Baraguey d'Hilliers was promoted to Marshal of France and made a Senator of the French Second Empire. He would later serve as vice-president of the French Senate. During the Italian campaign of 1859, Baraguey d'Hilliers commanded the I Corps with which he distinguished himself by capturing the town of Solferino during the Battle of Solferino. After the war he was given command of V Corps in Tours.
Made governor of Paris in 1870, by his frankness he made himself unpopular with the Empress Eugénie and with Count Palikao. On 12 August, he was replaced by Trochu. After the end of the Franco-Prussian War, Adolphe Thiers made him president of a commission investigating the causes of the French defeat. He died in 1878 in Amélie-les-Bains.
Honours
- Second French Empire: Baton of Maréchal de France
- Second French Empire: Grand Croix of the Legion of Honour
- Second French Empire: Médaille militaire
- Second French Empire: Commemorative medal of the 1859 Italian Campaign
- Second French Empire: Saint Helena Medal
- United Kingdom: Crimea Medal
- Kingdom of Sardinia: Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
- Kingdom of Sardinia: Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
References
- ^ a b c d e Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson (1881). "BARAGUEY D'HILLIERS, I. Louis". American Cyclopædia. p. 295.
- ^ "BARAGUEY D'HILLIERS, ACHILLES (french)". Napoleon.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
- ^ "Record of the National Assembly session of 20 January 1849". Compte rendu des séances de l'Assemblée nationale (in French). Vol. 7. Paris: Typographie Panckoucke. 1849. pp. 335–336. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
External links
- Biography (French)
- v
- t
- e
under the Ancien Régime
- Louis I d'Anjou: 1356–1357
- Jean ade Berry: 1411
- Waléran III de Luxembourg: 1411–1413
- Jean II de Luxembourg: 1418–1420
- Jean de La Baume: 1422–142.
- Jean de Villiers: 1429–14..
- Philippe de Ternant: 14..–14..
- Jacques de Villiers: 1461
- Charles d'Artois: 1465
- Charles de Melun: 1465–1467
- Charles I d'Amboise: 1467–1470
- Charles de Gaucourt: 14..–1472
- Antoine de Chabannes: 1472–147.
- Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14..
- Louis d'Orléans: 1483–1485
- Antoine de Chabannes: 1485–1488
- Gilbert de Montpensier: 14..–1494
- Charles II d'Amboise: 1493–1496
- Antoine de La Rochefoucauld: 15..–15..
- Paul de Thermes: 1559–1562
- Charles de Cossé: 1562–1563
- François de Montmorency: 15..–1572
- René de Villequier: 1580
- François d'O: 158.–1589
- Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie: 1589–1590
- Jean-Francois de Faudoas: 1590–1594
- Charles II de Cossé: 1594
- François d'O: 1594
- Charles du Plessis: 1616
- Hercule de Rohan: 1643–16..
- François de L'Hospital: 1648–1657
- Ambroise-François de Bournonville: 1657–1662
- Antoine d'Aumont: 1662–1669
- Gabriel de Rochechouart: 1669–1675
- Charles III de Créquy: 1676–1687
- Léon Potier: 1687–1704
- Duc de Tresmes: 1704–1739
- Bernard Potier: 1739–1757
- Charles Louis d'Albert: 1757–1771
- Jean de Cossé-Brissac: 1771–1780
- Louis de Cossé-Brissac: 1780–1791
of the Armed Forces in Paris
- Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry: 1791–1792
- Jacques-François de Menou: 1792–1794
- Jean Thierry: 1794–1795
- Jacques-François de Menou: 1795
- Paul de Barras: 1795
- Napoléon Bonaparte: 1795–1796
- Jacques Maurice Hatry: 1796–1797
- Pierre Augereau: 1797
- Louis Lemoine: 1797
- Jean-François Moulin: 1797–1798
- Joseph Gilot: 1798–1799
- Barthélemy Catherine Joubert: 1799
- Jean-Antoine Marbot: 1799
- François Joseph Lefebvre: 1799–1800
- Édouard Mortier: 1800–1803
- Jean-Andoche Junot: 1803–1804
after the French Revolution
- Joachim Murat: 1804–1805
- Louis Bonaparte: 1805–1806
- Joachim Murat: 1806
- Jean-Andoche Junot: 1806–1807
- Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1807–1814
- Louis de Rochechouart: 1814
- Louis Sébastien Grundler: 1814–1815
- Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815
- Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1815
- André Masséna: July 1815
- Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815
- Hyacinthe Despinoy: 1815–1816
- Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon: 1816–1818
- Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1819–1821
- Auguste de Marmont: 1821–1830
- Pierre-Claude Pajol: 1830–1842
- Tiburce Sébastiani: 1842–1848
- Nicolas Changarnier: 1848–1851
- Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1851
- Bernard Pierre Magnan: 1851–1865
- François Certain de Canrobert: 1865–1870
- Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1870
- Louis-Jules Trochu: 1870–1871
- Joseph Vinoy: 1871
- Paul de Ladmirault: 1871–1878
- Édouard Aymard: 1878–1880
- Justin Clinchant: 1880–1881
- Alphonse Lecointe: 1882–1884
- Félix-Gustave Saussier: 1884–1898
- Émile Zurlinden: 1898–1899
- Joseph Brugère: 1899–1900
- Georges-Auguste Florentin: 1900–1901
- Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet: 1901–1903
- Jean Dessirier: 1903–1906
- Jean-Baptiste Dalstein: 1906–1910
- Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1910–1912
- Victor-Constant Michel: 1912–1914
- Joseph Gallieni: 1914–1915
- Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1915–1916
- Augustin Dubail: 1916–1918
- Adolphe Guillaumat: 1918
- Charles Emile Moinier: 1918–1919
- Pierre Berdoulat: 1919–1923
- Henri Gouraud: 1923–1937
- Gaston Billotte: 1937–1939
- Pierre Héring: 1939–1940
- Henri Dentz: 1940
under the German occupation
since 1944
- Philippe Leclerc: 1944
- Marie-Pierre Kœnig: 1944–1945
- Paul Legentilhomme: 1945–1947
- René Chouteau: 1947–1953
- Henri Zeller: 1953–1957
- Louis-Constant Morlière: 1957–1958
- Pierre Garbay: 1958–1959
- Raoul Salan: 1959–1960
- Maurice Gazin: 1960
- André Demetz: 1960–1962
- Louis Dodelier: 1962–1965
- Philippe de Camas: 1965–1968
- André Meltz: 1968–1971
- Bernard Usureau: 1971–1974
- Philippe Clave: 1974–1975
- Jean Favreau: 1975–1977
- Jacques de Barry: 1977–1980
- Jeannou Lacaze: 1980–1981
- Roger Périer: 1981–1982
- Alban Barthez: 1982–1984
- Michel Fennebresque: 1984–1987
- Hervé Navereau: 1987–1991
- Daniel Valéry: 1991–1992
- Michel Guignon: 1992–1996
- Michel Billot: 1996–2000
- Pierre Costedoat: 2000–2002
- Marcel Valentin: 2002–2005
- Xavier de Zuchowicz: 2005–2007
- Bruno Dary: 2007–2012
- Hervé Charpentier: 2012–2015
- Bruno Le Ray: 2015–2020
- Christophe Abad: 2020