Bornean woolly horseshoe bat
Bornean woolly horseshoe bat | |
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Conservation status | |
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Chiroptera |
Family: | Rhinolophidae |
Genus: | Rhinolophus |
Species: | R. proconsulis |
Binomial name | |
Rhinolophus proconsulis Hill, 1959 | |
Synonyms | |
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The Bornean woolly horseshoe bat or Proconsul's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis) is an endangered species of horseshoe bat found on Borneo. Though it was discovered in 1959, it was not recognized as a distinct species until 2013.
Taxonomy and etymology
This bat was initially described in 1959 from specimens in Borneo as a subspecies of the arcuate horseshoe bat and given the name Rhinolophus arcuatus proconsulis. The author of the 1959 paper, British mammalogist John Edwards Hill, stated that the subspecies was similar in appearance to R. arcuatus, with the exception of its larger body and skull size.[2] Hill later published that a population of R. a. proconsulis was on Sulawesi as well.[3] Authors of a 2013 paper determined that the two populations of R. a. proconsulis on Borneo and Sulawesi were each cryptic species.
They elevated the Borneo population to species rank, R. proconsulis, on the basis of morphological data. The Sulawesi "R. a. procunsulis" was also elevated to species rank in the 2013 paper; it is now called Rhinolophus belligerator. Like the arcuate horseshoe bat, R. proconsulis is placed in the euryotis species group of the horseshoe bat genus.[4]
Its species name proconsulis is derived from Latin "proconsul", meaning "a man who became governor of a province or a military commander following a term as consul." Hill chose this species name "in honour of the Office of H.M. Governor of the Colony of Sarawak, which, having succeeded the hereditary Rajahs, often honoured in this way, has not as far as I am aware yet inspired such a name."[2]
Description
The fur on its back is dark brown; the bases of the hairs on the back are grayish. Fur on the ventral surface is pale brown. Its forearm is 46.8–48.3 mm (1.84–1.90 in) long. Its horseshoe is 9.3–9.7 mm (0.37–0.38 in) long.[2]
Range and habitat
It is known from nine localities in three locations. It has been documented in six caves in Sarawak, Malaysia, two sites in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and one site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. During the day, it roosts in limestone caves.[1] As a cave dweller, it differs ecologically from its relative Rhinolophus arcuatus, which lives in forests.[4]
Conservation
It is currently evaluated as endangered by the IUCN.[1] Caves in Borneo are threatened by disturbance via guano mining, ecotourism, and collecting nests of edible-nest swiftlets. Palm oil plantations and cocoa plantations are resulting in the loss of foraging habitat for insectivorous bats.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus proconsulis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372306A84372372. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372306A84372372.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Hill, J. E. (1959). "Bats from limestone caves of Sarawak". Journal of Natural History. 2 (14): 85–91. doi:10.1080/00222935908651030.
- ^ Hill, J. E. (1988). "A record of Rhinolophus arcuatus (Peters, 1871)(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Sulawesi". Mammalia. 52 (4): 588–589. doi:10.1515/mamm-1988-0414. S2CID 87932982.
- ^ a b Patrick, L. E.; McCulloch, E. S.; Ruedas, L. A. (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of the arcuate horseshoe bat species complex (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae)". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (6): 553–590. doi:10.1111/zsc.12026.
- ^ Mohd-Ridwan, A. R.; Tingga, R. C. T.; Azhar, I.; Haliza, H. N.; Abdullah, M. T. (2011). "Bats of the wind cave nature reserve, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo" (PDF). Tropical Natural History. 11 (2): 153–169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-11. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
External links
- A report of the bats of Wind Cave in Sarawak, including image of R. proconsulis (listed as R. arcuatus as this was published before the 2013 taxonomic revision) Archived 2017-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Infraclass: Eutheria
- Superorder: Laurasiatheria
- Order: Chiroptera
- Acuminate horseshoe bat (R. acuminatus)
- Adam's horseshoe bat (R. adami)
- Intermediate horseshoe bat (R. affinis)
- Halcyon horseshoe bat (R. alcyone)
- Arcuate horseshoe bat (R. arcuatus)
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. beddomei)
- R. belligerator
- Blasius's horseshoe bat (R. blasii)
- Bokhara horseshoe bat (R. bocharicus)
- Bornean horseshoe bat (R. borneensis)
- Canut's horseshoe bat(R. canuti)
- Cohen's horseshoe bat (R. cohenae)
- Cape horseshoe bat (R. capensis)
- Sulawesi horseshoe bat (R. celebensis)
- Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat (R. chiewkweeae)
- Geoffroy's horseshoe bat (R. clivosus)
- Croslet horseshoe bat (R. coelophyllus)
- Andaman horseshoe bat (R. cognatus)
- Convex horseshoe bat (R. convexus)
- Little Japanese horseshoe bat (R. cornutus)
- Creagh's horseshoe bat (R. creaghi)
- Darling's horseshoe bat (R. darlingi)
- Decken's horseshoe bat (R. deckenii)
- Dent's horseshoe bat (R. denti)
- Eloquent horseshoe bat (R. eloquens)
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat (R. euryale)
- Broad-eared horseshoe bat (R. euryotis)
- Greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum)
- Formosan woolly horseshoe bat (R. formosae)
- Rüppell's horseshoe bat (R. fumigatus)
- Guinean horseshoe bat (R. guineensis)
- Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandti)
- R. hilli
- R. hillorum
- Lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros)
- R. huananus
- Imaizumi's horseshoe bat (R. imaizumii)
- R. indorouxii
- Philippine forest horseshoe bat (R. inops)
- Insular horseshoe bat (R. keyensis)
- Lander's horseshoe bat (R. landeri)
- Blyth's horseshoe bat (R. lepidus)
- Woolly horseshoe bat (R. luctus)
- Mount Mabu horseshoe bat (R. mabuensis)
- Maclaud's horseshoe bat (R. maclaudi)
- Big-eared horseshoe bat (R. macrotis)
- Madura horseshoe bat (R. madurensis)
- Maendeleo horseshoe bat (R. maendeleo)
- Malayan horseshoe bat (R. malayanus)
- Marshall's horseshoe bat (R. marshalli)
- R. mcintyrei
- Smaller horseshoe bat (R. megaphyllus)
- Mehely's horseshoe bat (R. mehelyi)
- R. microglobosus
- Mitred horseshoe bat (R. mitratus)
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat (R. monoceros)
- Timorese horseshoe bat (R. montanus)
- Mozambican horseshoe bat (R. mossambicus)
- Neriad horseshoe bat (R. nereis)
- Osgood's horseshoe bat (R. osgoodi)
- Bourret's horseshoe bat (R. paradoxolophus)
- Pearson's horseshoe bat (R. pearsonii)
- Large-eared horseshoe bat (R. philippinensis)
- R. proconsulis
- Least horseshoe bat (R. pusillus)
- King horseshoe bat (R. rex)
- Peninsular horseshoe bat (R. robinsoni)
- Rufous horseshoe bat (R. rouxii)
- Large rufous horseshoe bat (R. rufus)
- Ruwenzori horseshoe bat (R. ruwenzorii)
- Sakeji horseshoe bat (R. sakejiensis)
- Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. sedulus)
- Shamel's horseshoe bat (R. shameli)
- Shortridge's horseshoe bat (R. shortridgei)
- Thai horseshoe bat (R. siamensis)
- Forest horseshoe bat (R. silvestris)
- Bushveld horseshoe bat (R. simulator)
- Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (R. sinicus)
- Smithers's horseshoe bat (R. smithersi)
- Lesser brown horseshoe bat (R. stheno)
- Little Nepalese horseshoe bat (R. subbadius)
- Small rufous horseshoe bat (R. subrufus)
- Swinny's horseshoe bat (R. swinnyi)
- R. tatar
- R. thailandensis
- Thomas's horseshoe bat (R. thomasi)
- Trefoil horseshoe bat (R. trifoliatus)
- Yellow-faced horseshoe bat (R. virgo)
- R. xinanzhongguoensis
- Dobson's horseshoe bat (R. yunanensis)
- Ziama horseshoe bat (R. ziama)