Casamayoran

The Casamayoran (Spanish: Casamayorense) age is a period of geologic time (50.0–48.0 Ma) within the Early Eocene epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically within the South American land mammal age (SALMA) classification. It follows the Itaboraian and precedes the Mustersan age.^[1]

Several astrapotherian mammals are known from this period, such as Antarctodon and Albertogaudrya from Antarctica and Argentina, respectively. Albertogaudrya and Scaglia were the size of a sheep or a small tapir, hence among the larger mammals in South America at this time.^[2]

This age is named after the Casamayor Formation of the Golfo San Jorge Basin.

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Casamayor Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[3]
Abanico Formation	Chile	Abanico Basin	[4][5]
Bogotá Formation	Colombia	Altiplano Cundiboyacense	[6]
Cayara Formation	Bolivia	Cochabamba Department	[7]
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin	[8][9]
Los Cuervos Formation	Colombia	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	[10][11]
Fonseca Formation	Brazil	Fonseca Basin	[12]
Huitrera Formation	Argentina	Neuquén Basin	[13]
Laguna del Hunco Formation	Argentina	Cañadón Asfalto Basin	[14]
Lumbrera Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[15]
Maíz Gordo Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[16]
Quebrada de los Colorados Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[17][18]
Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[19][20]

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Florentinoameghinia mystica, Notopithecus adapinus, Notostylops murinus, Thomashuxleya sp., Trigonostylops sp., cf. Pleurostylodon sp.	Casamayor	[21][22]
	Antepithecus brachystephanus	Abanico	[23]
	cf. Camargomendesia indet.	Cayara	[7][24]
	Bonapartherium hinakusijum, Boreastylops lumbrerensis, Callistoe vincei, Campanorco inauguralis, Colbertia lumbrerense, Coquenia bondi, Dolichostylodon saltensis, Griphotherion peiranoi, Indalecia grandensis, Lumbreratherium oblitum, Pampahippus arenalesi, P. secundus, Pampatemnus deuteros, P. infernalis, Patene simpsoni, Prepidolops didelphoides, P. molinai, ?Albertogaudrya carahuasensis, Borhyaenoidea sp.	Lumbrera	[25][26] [27][28] [29][30] [31][32] [33][34] [35][36]
	Coloradolops cardonensis, Pampahippus powelli, Prostegotherium sp., cf. Utaetus sp., Dasypodidae indet., Leontiniidae indet., Toxodontia indet.	Quebrada de los Colorados	[37] [38][39] [40]
	Acropithecus rigidus, Adiantoides magnus, Amphidolops serrula,Anisolambda amel, A. fissidens, Asmithwoodwardia subtrigona, Coona gutierrezi, C. pattersoni, Didolodus minor, Edvardotrouessartia sola, Florentinoameghinia mystica, Henricosbornia lophodonta, Ideodelphys microscopicus, Isotemnus primitivus, Josepholeidya adunca, Maxschlosseria consumata, M. minuta, Notopithecus adapinus, Notostylops appressus, N. pendens, Pleurostylodon similis, Polydolops serra, P. thomasi, Ricardolydekkeria cf. praerupta, Scaglia kraglievichorum, Sparnotheriodon epsilonoides, Thomashuxleya externa, Transpithecus obtentus, Trigonostylops ?wortmani, Homalostylops sp., Patene sp., Albertogaudrya indet., Didolodontidae indet., Prostegotherium indet., Victorlemoinea indet.	Sarmiento	[41][42] [43][44] [45]
Birds	Telmabates antiquus, T. howardae	Sarmiento	[42]
Reptiles & amphibians	Loricata indet.	Cayara	[24]
	Pelomedusoides indet.	Los Cuervos	[46]
	Llankibatrachus truebae	Huitrera	[47]
	Shelania pascuali	Laguna del Hunco	[48]
	Ayllusuchus fernandezi, Lumbrerasaurus scagliai, Sebecus sp., Sebecosuchia indet.	Lumbrera	[29][49]
	Crocodylia indet., Testudinata indet.	Quebrada de los Colorados	[38]
	Chubutophis grandis, Gaffneylania auricularis, Niolamia argentina, Sebecus icaeorhinus, Waincophis australis	Sarmiento	[50] [41][42] [51]
Fishes	Erythrinidae indet., Serrasalmidae indet., Siluriformes indet.	Cayara	[7][24]
	cf. Carcharodon auriculatus, Carcharodon sp.	Casamayor	[52]
	Bachmannia chubutensis	Laguna del Hunco	[53]
	Gymnogeophagus eocenicus, Lepidosiren paradoxa, Proterocara argentina	Lumbrera	[54][55]
Insects	Duartia pulchella, Fonsecablatta patricioi, Fonsecacarabus placidus, Fonsecacicada mineira, Fonsecadalia perfectus, F. propinquus, Fonsecahymen stigmata, Spargotermes costalimai, Auchenorrhyncha indet., Curculionidae indet.	Fonseca	[56][57] [58][59]
	Catogenus punctatus, Inacayalestes aikunhuapi	Huitrera	[47][60]
Molluscs	Gibbula dalli, Jorgechlamys centralis, Ostrea ingens, Pecten proximus, Scalaria rugulosa, Turritella breantania	Casamayor	[52]
Brachiopods	Magellania lenticularis, Plicirhynchia plicigera, Tegulorhynchia squamosa, Terebratella dorsata, T. patagonica	Casamayor	[52]
Echinoids	Hypechinus patagonensis, Iheringiella patagonensis, Isechinus (Toxopneustes) praecursor, Linthia gaudryii, Platypygus (Cyrthoma) posthumus, Psammechinus iheringi, P. tournoueri, Schizaster ameghinoi	Casamayor	[52]
Pollen	Diporisporites elongatus, Gabonisporis vigourouxii, Jussitriporites menendezii, Liquidambarpollenites cf. brandonensis, Podocarpidites cf. marwickii, Retitriletes austroclavatidites, Smilacipites saltensis, Tricolpites lumbrerensis, T. cf. reticulatus, T. vulgaris, Verrustephanoporites simplex, Baculatisporites sp., Diporicellaesporites sp., Inapertisporites sp., Inaperturopollenites sp., Laevigatosporites sp., Nothopollenites sp., Pluricellaesporites sp., Rhoipites sp.	Lumbrera	[61]

General

• Rose, Kenneth David (2006), The beginning of the age of mammals, JHU Press, p. 236, ISBN 978-0-8018-8472-6, retrieved 2019-02-14

Casamayor Formation

• Raigemborn, María Sol; Krause, Javier M.; Bellosi, Eduardo; Matheos, Sergio D. (2010), "Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 239–256, retrieved 2017-10-18
• Raigemborn, María Sol (2008), Estudio estratigráfico, sedimentológico y composicional de las sedimentitas del Terciário inferior (Grupo Rio Chico) en el sector sudoriental del Chubut Extraandino (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, pp. 11–58, retrieved 2017-10-18

Abanico Formation

• Bradham, Jennifer; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A.; Wyss, Andre R. (2015), "New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3841): 1–24, doi:10.1206/3841.1, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2008), "The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas" (PDF), Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 66: 191–211, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Engelman, Russell K.; Flynn, John J.; Gans, Philip; Wyss, André R.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile", American Museum Novitates (3918): 1–22, doi:10.1206/3918.1, retrieved 2019-02-11
• Godoy, Estanislao (2012), "Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS", Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 69: 570–577, retrieved 2017-08-15
• Muñoz, Marcia; Fuentes, Francisco; Vergara, Mario; Aguirre, Luis; Nyström, Jan Olov; Féraud, Gilbert; Demant, Alain (2006), "Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S)", Revista Geológica de Chile, 33: 109–140, doi:10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005, retrieved 2017-08-15

Bogotá Formation

• Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
• Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
• Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104

Cayara Formation

• Marshall, Larry G.; Sempere, Thierry (1991), "The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review", Revista técnica de YPFB, 12: 631–652, retrieved 2017-08-15
• Renner, Sven; Velasco, Carlos (2000), Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba (PDF), Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS), pp. 1–113, retrieved 2018-09-04
• Rocha, Emilio (2013), Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 1–204, retrieved 2018-09-10

Chota Formation

• Castro Medina, Walter Fidel (2010), Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas (PDF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), pp. 1–76, retrieved 2018-09-04
• Chacaltana, César; Benites Cañote, Alexandra Lucytania; Valdivia, Waldir; Chumpitaz, Marco (2014), La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, Congreso Peruano de Geología, pp. 1–4, retrieved 2017-08-15

Los Cuervos Formation

• Cadena, Edwin A.; Schweitzer, Mary H. (2014), "A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes", Journal of Herpetology, 48 (4): 461–465, doi:10.1670/13-046, retrieved 2019-02-12

Fonseca Formation

• Mendes, Márcio; de Oliveira, Francisco Irineudo Bezerra; Limaverde, Saulo (2015), "Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil", Revista de Geologia, 28: 27–36, retrieved 2018-09-10

Huitrera Formation

• Escosteguy, Leonardo; Franchi, Mario (2010), "Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 66: 418–429, retrieved 2018-09-10

Laguna del Hunco Formation

• Wilf, Peter; Johnson, Kirk R.; Cúneo, N. Rubén; Smith, M. Elliot; Singer, Bradley S.; Gandolfo, Maria A. (2005), "Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF), The American Naturalist, 135 (6): 634–650, doi:10.1086/430055, PMID 15937744, retrieved 2017-10-26

Lumbrera Formation

• Deraco, Virginia; García López, Daniel A. (2015), "A new Eocene Toxodontia (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from northwestern Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (1): e1037884, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1037884, hdl:11336/45566, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Herrera, Claudia M. R.; Powell, Jaime E.; Esteban, Graciela I.; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24 (3): 275–288, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9345-x, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Del Papa, Cecilia E (2006), "Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 61: 313–327, retrieved 2017-08-15

Maíz Gordo Formation

• Narváez, Paula Liliana (2009), Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis) (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Salta, pp. 1–229, retrieved 2017-10-18

Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation

• Chornogubsky, Laura; Zimicz, A. Natalia; Goin, Francisco J.; Fernicola, Juan C.; Payrola, Patricio; Cárdenas, Magalí (2019), "New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17 (7): 539–555, Bibcode:2019JSPal..17..539C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1417333, retrieved 2018-10-01
• García López, Daniel A.; Deraco, Virginia; Del Papa, Cecilia (2017), "Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 30 (4): 507–517, Bibcode:2018HBio...30..507G, doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1299150, hdl:11336/63085, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Del Papa, Cecilia (2013), "Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla" (PDF), Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis, 20: 51–64, retrieved 2018-09-10
• Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; del Papa, Cecilia; Hongn, Fernando; Powell, Jaime (2010), "Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta" (PDF), Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 67: 309–318, retrieved 2018-09-07

Sarmiento Formation

• Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Tambussi, Claudia (2005), "Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]" (PDF), Revista Española de Paleontología, 20: 127–132, retrieved 2018-09-10
• Arnal, Michelle; Kramarz, Alejandro G.; Vucetich, M. Guiomar; Vieytes, E. Carolina (2014), "A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (2): 397–406, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..397A, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.808203, hdl:11336/29748, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; Dozo, María Teresa; Gelfo, Javier N. (2016), "A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36 (6): e1229672, Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E9672C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Dozo, María Teresa; Ciancio, Martín; Bouza, Pablo; Martínez, Gastón (2014), "Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas" (PDF), Andean Geology, 41: 224–247, doi:10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a09, retrieved 2017-08-15
• Sterli, Juliana; De la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Krause, J. Marcelo (2015), "A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata)", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174 (3): 519–548, doi:10.1111/zoj.12252, hdl:11336/41594, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Vucetich, M.G.; Dozo, M.T.; Arnal, M.; Pérez, M.E. (2015), "New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia", Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 27 (2): 236–257, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..236V, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.883506, hdl:11336/17958, retrieved 2019-02-13
• Vucetich, María G.; Pérez, María E.; Ciancio, Martín R.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Madden, Richard H.; Kohn, Matthew J. (2014), "A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34 (3): 689–698, Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..689V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.804414, hdl:11336/17973, retrieved 2019-02-12
• Wyss, André R.; Flynn, John J.; Croft, Darin A. (2018), "New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 3903: 1–42, hdl:2246/6901, retrieved 2019-02-11