Cefmenoxime

Chemical compound

J01DD05 (WHO) S01AA31 (WHO), S02AA18 (WHO)

Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability100% (given IM)Protein binding50% to 70%MetabolismNegligibleElimination half-life1 hourExcretionKidney, unchangedIdentifiers

IUPAC name

(6R,7R)-7-{[(2E)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-
2-methoxyimino-acetyl]amino}-3-[(1-methyltetrazol-
5-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]
oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

CAS Number

65085-01-0^Y

PubChem CID

9570757

DrugBank

DB00267^Y

ChemSpider

7845223^Y

UNII

KBZ4844CXN

KEGG

D07641^Y

ChEBI

CHEBI:55490^Y

ChEMBL

ChEMBL1201224^N

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

DTXSID2022755

Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₁₆H₁₇N₉O₅S₃Molar mass511.55 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

SMILES

O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)CSc4nnnn4C)C(=O)O

InChI

InChI=1S/C16H17N9O5S3/c1-24-16(20-22-23-24)33-4-6-3-31-13-9(12(27)25(13)10(6)14(28)29)19-11(26)8(21-30-2)7-5-32-15(17)18-7/h5,9,13H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,17,18)(H,19,26)(H,28,29)/b21-8-/t9-,13-/m1/s1^Y
Key:HJJDBAOLQAWBMH-YCRCPZNHSA-N^Y

^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Cefmenoxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.^[1]

Synthesis

The alkylation of ethyl 2-hydroxyimino-3-oxobutanoate (1) with dimethylsulfate gives ethyl (2Z)-2-methoxyimino-3-oxo-butanoate (2). Halogenation with molecular bromine leads to ethyl 4-bromo-2-methoxyimino-3-oxobutanoate (3). Treatment with thiourea gives ethyl (Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetate (4) which is reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to give the amide (5). Saponification with potassium hydroxide gives (6) which is halogenated with phosphorus pentachloride to (7). Amide formation with the cephalosporin intermediate (8) then gives (9). Removal of the protecting group with benzyltriethylammonium bromide yields (10). The tert-butyl ester was deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid to give (11). Lastly, thioether formation with 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (12) completes the synthesis of cefmenoxime.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

^ Campoli-Richards DM, Todd PA (August 1987). "Cefmenoxime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use". Drugs. 34 (2): 188–221. doi:10.2165/00003495-198734020-00002. PMID 3304966.
^ US 4098888, Ochiai M, Okada T, Aki O, Morimoto A, Kawakita K, Matsushita Y, "Thiazolylacetamido cephalosporin type compounds", issued 7 April 1978, assigned to Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.
^ Ochiai M, Aki O, Morimoto A, Okada T, Matsushita Y (November 1977). "New cephalosporin derivatives with high antibacterial activities". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 25 (11): 3115–3117. doi:10.1248/cpb.25.3115. PMID 603968.
^ Ochiai M, Morimoto A, Miyawaki T, Matsushita Y, Okada T, Natsugari H, et al. (February 1981). "Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporin derivatives. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-cephalosporin derivates and related compounds". The Journal of Antibiotics. 34 (2): 171–185. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.34.171. PMID 6271716.
^ Ochiai M, Morimoto A, Miyawaki T (February 1981). "Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporin derivatives. VI. Alternative syntheses of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporin derivatives". The Journal of Antibiotics. 34 (2): 186–192. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.34.186. PMID 6271717.

External links

Diseases Database (DDB): 30892

Antibacterials active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)

Beta-lactams
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)

Penicillins (Penams)

Narrow
spectrum

β-lactamase sensitive (1st generation)	Benzylpenicillin (G)^# Benzathine benzylpenicillin^# Procaine benzylpenicillin^# Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)^# Propicillin^‡ Pheneticillin^‡ Azidocillin^‡ Clometocillin^‡ Penamecillin^‡
β-lactamase resistant (2nd generation)	Cloxacillin^# (Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin) Oxacillin Nafcillin Methicillin^‡

Extended
spectrum

Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)	Amoxicillin^# Ampicillin^# (Pivampicillin Hetacillin^‡ Bacampicillin^‡ Lenampicillin Metampicillin^‡ Talampicillin^‡) Epicillin^‡
Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)	Ticarcillin Carbenicillin^‡ / Carindacillin^‡ Temocillin^‡
Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)	Piperacillin Azlocillin^‡ Mezlocillin^‡
Other	Mecillinam (Pivmecillinam) Sulbenicillin^‡

Carbapenems / Penems

Cephems
Cephalosporins
Cephamycins
Carbacephems

1st generation	Cefazolin^# Cefalexin ^# Cefadroxil Cefapirin Cefazedone^‡ Cefazaflur^‡ Cefradine^‡ Cefroxadine^‡ Ceftezole^‡ Cefaloglycin^‡ Cefacetrile^‡ Cefalonium^‡ Cefaloridine^‡ Cefalotin Cefatrizine^‡
2nd generation	Cefaclor Cefprozil Cefuroxime Cefuroxime axetil Cefamandole^‡ Cefonicid^‡ Ceforanide^‡ Cefuzonam^‡ Cephamycin (Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefminox^‡ Cefbuperazone^‡ Cefmetazole^‡) Carbacephem (Loracarbef^‡)
3rd generation	Cefixime^# Ceftriaxone^# Cefotaxime^# Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime^# Cefoperazone) Cefdinir Cefcapene Cefdaloxime Ceftizoxime Cefmenoxime Cefpiramide Cefpodoxime Ceftibuten Cefditoren Cefotiam^‡ Cefetamet^‡ Cefodizime^‡ Cefpimizole^‡ Cefsulodin^‡ Cefteram^‡ Ceftiolene^‡ Oxacephem (Flomoxef Latamoxef^‡)
4th generation	Cefepime Cefozopran^‡ Cefpirome Cefquinome^‡
5th generation	Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftolozane Ceftobiprole
Siderophore	Cefiderocol^#
Veterinary	Ceftiofur Cefquinome Cefovecin

Monobactams

β-lactamase inhibitors

Combinations

Polypeptides

Lipopeptides	Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization: Daptomycin Surfactin
Other	Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking: Ramoplanin^§

Intracellular