Gran Canaria skink
Species of lizard
| Gran Canaria skink | |
|---|---|
 | |
Conservation status | |
 Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | Chalcides |
| Species: | C. sexlineatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Chalcides sexlineatus Steindachner, 1891 | |
 | |
The Gran Canaria skink (Chalcides sexlineatus) is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands.[1]
Taxonomy
There are two recognized subspecies, C. sexlineatus sexlineatus occupying the southwestern half of the island, and C. sexlineatus bistriatus occupying the northeast.[2]
The specific name sexlineatus, "six lines", refers to the distinct striping pattern.
Geography
It is endemic to the island of Gran Canaria and the small islet Roque de Gando in the Canary Islands, Spain. It has also been introduced to the island of La Palma.[1] It inhabits a wide altitudinal range, from the coast up to 1,850 meters above sea level.[3]
The distinct morphological differences between the subspecies have been attributed to volcanic activity on the island in the past 2.8 million years.[4]
Description
The Gran Canaria skink has a flattened body and wide head, with strong legs that are longer in the north subspecies. The south subspecies has one phrenocular scale, while the north usually has two.[2]
The average total body length is around 150mm (6 inches) including the tail, with females being a few milimeters longer on average.[5] The species is slightly smaller in the south.
In the northeast, C. s. sexlineatus notably has a bright blue tail and light bluish belly. It has a black dorsolaetral band, separated from the side by a whitish or yellowish line. On the back there are four yellowish brown lines. In the southwest, C. s. bistriatus has a brown tail and white to yellowish belly. The back is brown with white spots arranged in a line down the body. On each side of the back there is a narrow light band. Intermediate populations between the north and south have a green tail.[2]
Habitat and Ecology
It is abundant in nearly all habitats throughout Gran Canaria, from coastal areas, temperate forest and grassland, rocky peaks, and agricultural areas, though it is rarer in pine forests and the drier areas of the south.[2][1]
They are ovoviviparous. Breeding occurs in July and August and give birth to 2-7 starting in September.[5] The skinks are elusive and may be difficult to sight.
It feeds mainly on insect larvae and other small invertebrates.[2]
Conservation
In 2022, the IUCN Red List updated the Gran Canaria skink's status to Endangered. The reason for the listing is the recent introduction of the California Kingsnake, which preys upon the skink. As of 2021, the kingsnake had spread to 50% of the island, with Chalcides sexlineatus populations decreased in areas where the snake occured.
Feral cats and collection for the pet trade are also minor threats.
The species is protected under the EU Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention[1], and is listed under the Listado de Especies Silvestres en Régimen de Protección Especial (LESRPE) in Spain.[6]
References
- ^ a b c d e {{subst:make cite iucn|Bowles, P. 2024. Chalcides sexlineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T61487A137848983. Accessed on 11 August 2024.|ref=iucn}}
- ^ a b c d e Alfredo Salvador, Richard P. Brown (2015). Lisa grancanaria – Chalcides sexlineatus. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles (PDF). Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales.
- ^ Mateo, José A (2002). Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de España. Madrid: Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales.
- ^ J. Pestano and R. P. Brown (April 22, 1999). "Geographical Structuring of Mitochondrial DNA in Chalcides sexlineatus within the Island of Gran Canaria". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 266: 805-812. JSTOR 51187.
- ^ a b "Historia Natural de la Macronesia". Retrieved 2024-08-11.
- ^ "Listado de Especies Silvestres en Régimen de Protección Especial". Retrieved 2024-08-11.
- Brown, R. P. and R. S. Thorpe and M. Baez. 1991. Parallel within-island microevolution of lizards on neighbouring islands. Nature, 352(6330: p. 60-62.
- Brown, R. P. and R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Within‐island microgeographic variation in body dimensions and scalation of the skink Chalcides sexlineatus, with testing of causal hypotheses. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 44.1 (1991): 47–64.
- Brown, R.P. and R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Within‐island microgeographic variation in the colour pattern of the skink, Chalcides sexlineatus: Pattern and cause. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 4(4), pp. 557–574.
- Brown, R. P. and J. Pestano. 1998. Phylogeography of Canary Island skinks inferred from mtDNA sequences. Molecular Ecology 7: 1183–1191.
- Kubát, J. [1]
- Pestano, J. and R. P. Brown. 1999. Geographical structuring of mtDNA in Chalcides sexlineatus within the island of Gran Canaria. Proceedings of the Royal Society (Lond.) B: Biological Sciences 266: 815–823.
- Suárez, N.M., J. Pestano, and R.P. Brown. 2014. Ecological divergence combined with ancient allopatry in lizard populations from a small volcanic island. Molecular Ecology, 23(19), 4799–4812.
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