Hypohippus
Hypohippus Temporal range: Barstovian-Clarendonian ~15.97–10.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
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Hypohippus osborni skeleton | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Perissodactyla |
Family: | Equidae |
Subfamily: | †Anchitheriinae |
Genus: | †Hypohippus Leidy, 1858 |
Species | |
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Hypohippus (Greek: "under" (hypos), "horse" (hippos)[1]) is an extinct genus of three-toed horse, which lived 17–11 million years ago.[2] It was the largest anchitherine equid about the size of a modern domestic horse, at 403–600 kg (888–1,323 lb)[3][4] and 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long. It was a long-necked, high-shouldered browser with sub-hypsodont, lophodont (rhino-like) dentition, that fed on the tough vegetation of forest understory and shrubs. Its deep preorbital fossae and retraction of the nasal notch hint at the presence of a long, muscular and prehensile upper lip that would aid during selective browsing. Overall its ecology would have been more comparable to modern okapi than to grazing horses.[5] Fossils of it have been found in Nebraska, Colorado, and Montana.[6][7]
- 20th century restoration by Heinrich Harder.
- Life restoration showing a prominent, prehensile upper lip.
References
- ^ "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
- ^ Janis, C. M.; Damuth, J.; Theodor, J. M. (2002). "The origins and evolution of the North American grassland biome: The story from the hoofed mammals". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 177 (1–2): 183–198. Bibcode:2002PPP...177..183J. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00359-5.
- ^ Bruce J. MacFadden (1992). Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0521477085. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ Christine M. Janis (1998). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial, Carnivores, Ungulates and Ungulate-like mammals. Cambridge University Press. p. 545. ISBN 9780521355193. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ Evans, J. W.; Bennett, Debb (2008). The Elsevier World Animal Science Encyclopedia (PDF). pp. 1–37.
- ^ Hypohippus
- ^ "Hypohippus". Florida Museum. 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
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- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Mammalia
- Infraclass Eutheria
- Superorder Laurasiatheria
- Order Perissodactyla
- Eohippus
- Epihippus
- Erihippus
- Ghazijhippus
- Eurohippus
- Haplohippus
- Heptaconodon
- Pliolophus
- Propalaeotherium
- Protorohippus
- Orohippus
- Sifrhippus
- Xenicohippus
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