Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye
Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye (30 July 1821 – 6 December 1880) was a French artillery general of the 19th century, and superintendent of the works at Meudon.[1] He was a former ordnance officer for Napoleon III. He also established the gun manufacture in Tarbes.
Reffye mitrailleuse
De Reffye developed in 1866 the Reffye mitrailleuse (named "Canon à balles"), one of the best early machine guns,[2] which was used during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.[3] It was based on the earlier Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse of 1863.
Breech-loading cannons
Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye took a key role in introducing rifled breech loading cannons, a marked improvement over the previous La Hitte system which had been in place since 1858. The La Hitte system used rifled weapons, but they were muzzle-loading, which had the advantage of structural strength, but the disadvantage of slowness in loading.
In 1870, de Reffye developed the Reffye 85mm cannon, an 85 mm (3.35-inch) rifled breech-loading cannon, equipped with a breech screw, initially made of bronze. The cannon used shell cartridges for ammunition.[4]
De Reffye also developed the Reffye 75mm cannon in 1873. His cannons would be soon superseded by the Lahitolle 95mm cannon and especially the De Bange 90mm cannon.
Notes
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- Middle Ages
- Calibres de France (1552)
- Keller (1666)
- de Vallière system (1732)
- Gribeauval system (1776)
- Year XI system (1803)
- Paixhans gun (1823)
- Valée system (1828)
- Canon de l’Empereur (1853)
- La Hitte system (1858)
- de Reffye system (1870)
- Lahitolle system (1873)
- de Bange system (1875)
- Canet gun (1880)
- Canon de 75 (1897)
- Canon de Schneider (1912)
- Canon de St. Chamond (1915)
- Mortier de Schneider (1915)
- Canon de GPF (1917)
- Canon de Bourges (1935)
- Obusier de 105 modèle 1950
- Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer
- Obusier de Modèle 50 (1950)
- Tr-F1 (1990)
- Camion équipé d'un système d'artillerie CAESAR (2008)
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