Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
Jean-Marie-Charles Abrial | |
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![]() Jean-Marie-Charles Abrial in 1929 | |
Born | 17 December 1879 Réalmont, France |
Died | 19 December 1962(1962-12-19) (aged 83) Dourgne, France |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() |
Rank | Vice-amiral |
Jean-Marie Charles Abrial (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi ʃaʁl abʁijal]; 17 December 1879 – 19 December 1962) was a French Admiral and Naval Minister. He fought in both World wars, and was known mostly for his actions at Dunkirk in 1940.[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Prefecture_maritime_de_Toulon_mg_5314.jpg/225px-Prefecture_maritime_de_Toulon_mg_5314.jpg)
Early years
Abrial started his career in 1896 at the École Navale, the French naval academy, taking his first post as an aspirant (midshipman) in 1898. During World War I, Abrial served in command of a high-seas patrol boat until 1917, when he joined the Naval Ministry's anti-submarine division. In 1920 he was promoted to Capitaine de frégate (Commander), first commanding the destroyer Commandant Bory and eventually an entire flotilla of destroyers stationed in the Mediterranean Sea.[2]
Promotions
After completing studies at the École Navale near the Atlantic-Coast port of Brest, he was promoted to Capitaine de vaisseau (Captain) in 1925,[3] commanding the heavy cruiser Tourville in 1927–1929[4] and serving as commanding officer of the 1st Squadron at Toulon. In 1930 he was promoted to Rear Admiral and in 1936 to Vice Admiral, after which he commanded the Mediterranean squadron for three years. In 1939 he was charged with protecting French overseas trade as well as the north coast of France, and the following year General Maxime Weygand named him as Commander-in-Chief of the northern naval forces.[3]
World War II
Abrial worked in cooperation with the British troops during the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940, even though he had not been informed of it prior to the operation.[1] The operation began on 26 May with the requisitioning of several private boats in attempts to organize assistance from the French Navy.[5] On 29 May the evacuation began; Abrial was one of the last to be evacuated. After evacuation, Abrial was based in Cherbourg — where, as senior officer, he was forced to surrender the port to the Germans on 19 June.[3] From July 1940 to July 1941, he served Philippe Pétain's Vichy regime as the governor general of Algeria.[1] Vichy regime President Pierre Laval appointed him as Naval Minister and commander of naval forces, a position he held from 29 November 1942 until 25 March 1943.[1]
Collaboration
On the downfall of the Vichy regime, Abrial was arrested and charged with collaboration, for which he lost his pension. After the Provisional Government of the French Republic re-established the Haute Cour de justice, that court condemned him for his Nazi collaboration and sentenced him to ten years of forced labor.[1] In December 1947, however, he gained provisional release, and in 1954 he was granted amnesty.[3]
Popular culture
In the 2004 BBC miniseries Dunkirk, Abrial was played by French actor André Oumansky.
References
- ^ a b c d e Baudot, Marcel (1980). The Historical Encyclopedia of World War II. Facts on File Inc. ISBN 0-87196-401-5.
- ^ Taillemite, p. 11
- ^ a b c d Tucker, Spencer C. (2001). Who's Who In Twentieth-Century Warfare. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23497-2.
- ^ Halpern, p. 529
- ^ "Kurzbiographien/Dictionnaire biographique" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. Institut d’histoire du temps présent. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
Bibliography
- Halpern, Paul G., ed. (2016). The Mediterranean Fleet, 1930–1939. Publications of the Navy Records Society. Vol. 163. London: Routledge for the Navy Records Society. ISBN 978-1-4724-7597-8.
- Taillemite, Étienne (1982). Dictionnaire des marins français (in French). Paris: Editions maritimes et d'Outre-Mer. OCLC 470113586.
External links
- (in French) Dictionnaire biographique
Government offices | ||
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Preceded by | Minister of Marine 1942–1943 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
the Kingdom of Tlemcen
(1235–1556)
- Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
- Abu Said Uthman I
- Abu Zayyan I
- Abu Hammu I
- Abu Tashufin I
- Abu Said Uthman II
- Abu Thabid I
- Abu Hammu II Musa
- Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
- Abu Tashufin II
- Abu Thabid II
- Abul Hadjdjadj I
- Abu Zayyan II
- Abu Muh I
- Abu Abdallah I
- Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
- Said I bin Abu Tashufin
- Abu Malek I
- Abu Abdallah II
- Abu Abbas Ahmad I
- Abu Abdallah III
- Abu Tashufin III
- Abu Abdallah IV
- Abu Abdallah V
- Abu Hammu III
- Abu Muh II
- Abu Abdallah VI
- Abu Zayyan III
- Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
the Regency of Algiers
(1517–1710)
- Aruj Barbarossa
- Hayreddin Barbarossa
- Hasan Agha
- Hadji Pasha
- Hasan Pasha
- Khalifa Saffah
- Salah Rais
- Hasan Corso
- Muhammad Kurdogli
- Mehmed Tekkelerli
- Yusuf I Pasha
- Yahyia Pasha
- Hasan Khüsro Aga
- Ahmed Bostandji
- Ahmad Pasha Qabia
- Muhamad Pasha
- Uluç Ali Reis
- Mehmet Pasha
- Arab Ahmed Pasha
- Ramdan Pasha
- Hassan Veneziano
- Djafar Pasha
- Mami Muhammad Pasha
- Dali Ahmed Pasha
- Hızır Pasha
- Hadji Shaban Pasha
- Mustapha Pasha
- Daly Hassan Pasha
- Soliman Pasha
- Muhammad II the eunuch
- Mustapha II Pasha
- Rizvan Pasha
- Köse Mustafa Pacha
- Hasan IV
- Mustapha IV Pasha
- Soliman Katanya
- Kassan Kaid Koça
- Hizir Pasha
- Mustafa III Pasha
- Khüsrev Pacha
- Murat Pasha
- Hassan Khodja
- Yusuf II Pasha
- Ali Bitchin
- Mahmud Bursali Pacha
- Ahmed I Pasha
- Yusuf III Pasha
- Murad Pasha
- Buzenak-Muhammad
- Ahmed II Pasha
- Ibrahim Pasha
- Ismail Pasha
- Khalil Aga
- Ramadan Aga
- Shaban Aga
- Ali Aga
- Hadj Mohamed Dey
- Baba Hassan
- Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
- Ahmed Sharban
- Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
- Hassan Chaouch
- Hadji Mustapha
- Hussein Kodja
- Mohamed Bektach
- Deli Ibrahim
the Deylik of Algiers
(1710–1830)
- Ali I
- Muhammad III
- Abdy Pasha
- Mohammed Arslan
- Ibrahim III
- Ibrahim IV
- Muhammad IV
- Ali II
- Muhammad V
- Sidi Hassan
- Mustapha II
- Ahmed II
- Ali III
- Ali IV
- Mohammed Khaznadji
- Omar Agha
- Ali V
- Muhammad VI ben Ali
- Hussein Dey
of French Algeria
(1830–1962)
- Louis-Auguste-Victor
- Bertrand Clauzel
- Pierre Berthezène
- Anne Jean Marie René Savary
- Théophile Voirol
- Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
- Bertrand Clauzel
- Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
- Sylvain Charles Valée
- Thomas Robert Bugeaud
- Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
- Marie Alphonse Bedeau
- Henri d'Orleans
- Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
- Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
- Viala Charon
- Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
- Aimable Pélissier
- Jacques Louis Randon
- Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
- Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
- Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
- Patrice de MacMahon
- François Louis Alfred Durrieu
- Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
- Henri-Gabriel Didier
- Charles de Bouzet
- Romuald Vuillermoz
- Alexis Lambert
- Louis Henri de Gueydon
- Antoine Chanzy
- Albert Grévy
- Louis Tirman
- Jules Cambon
- Auguste Loze
- Louis Lépine
- Édouard Laferrière
- Charles Jonnart
- Paul Révoil
- Maurice Varnier
- Charles Lutaud
- Jean-Baptiste Abel
- Théodore Steeg
- Henri Dubief
- Maurice Viollette
- Pierre Bordes
- Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
- Georges le Beau
- Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
- Maxime Weygand
- Yves-Charles Chatel
- Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
- Georges Catroux
- Yves Chataigneau
- Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
- Roger Léonard
- Jacques Soustelle
- Georges Catroux
- Robert Lacoste
- André Mutter
- Raoul Salan
- Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
- Jean Morin
- Christian Fouchet
Republic of Algeria
(1962–present)