List of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2
Dozens of captive animal species have been found infected or proven able to be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The virus has also been found in over a dozen wild animal species.
Most animal species that can get the virus have not been proven to be able to spread it back to humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that there is low risk that the virus would spread from animals to people but further studies are yet to be conducted.[1]
Animal | Date detected (or publicized) | Spread amongst themselves? | Spreads to humans? | Captive or wild infection? | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bank vole | April 2021 | No | Captive | [2] | |
Bat, Lesser horseshoe | (July 2021) (United Kingdom) | Wild | [3] | ||
Big hairy armadillo | March 2022 | Captive | [4] | ||
Binturong | October 2021 | Captive | [5] | ||
Black-tailed marmoset | January 2022 | Wild | [6] | ||
Bobcat | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
Brown rat | (January 2023) | Wild | [8] | ||
Canada lynx | December 2021 | Captive | [9] | ||
Cat | April 2020 | Yes | Yes[10] | Captive | [11][12] |
Cattle | (December 2020) | Captive | [13] | ||
Common marmoset | December 2020 | Captive | [14][15] | ||
Civet | [16] | ||||
Cottontail rabbit | November 2022 | No | Wild | [17] | |
Cougar/Mountain Lion/Puma | July 2020 | Captive | [18] | ||
Crab-eating macaque | April 2020 | Captive | [19] | ||
Dog | March 2020 | No | Captive | [12][20] | |
Domestic rabbit | October 2020 | No | Captive | [21] | |
Eastern deer mouse | June 2021 | Yes | Captive and Wild | [22] | |
Eastern gray squirrel | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
Eurasian Beaver | August 2021 | Captive | [23] | ||
Eurasian lynx | November 2021 | Captive | [24] | ||
European fallow deer | February 2022 | Wild | [25] | ||
Ferret | April 2020 | Yes | Captive | [11][26] | |
Fishing cat | October 2021 | Captive | [5] | ||
Fruit bat, Egyptian | September 2020 | Yes | Captive | [27] | |
Giant Anteater | (August 2022) | Captive | [4] | ||
Golden hamster | May 2020 | Yes | Yes[28] | Captive | [29] |
Gorilla | January 2021 | Captive | [30] | ||
Hamadryas baboon | December 2020 | Captive | [14][15] | ||
Hippopotamus | December 2021 | Captive | [31] | ||
Indian leopard | October 2021 | Wild | [32] | ||
Lion | October 2020 | Captive | [33][34][35] | ||
Tiger | April 2020 | Unconfirmed | Captive | [36][34] | |
Mandrill | August 2022 | Captive | [13] | ||
Mink | October 2020 | Yes | Yes[37][38] | Captive and Wild | [39] |
Monkey, African green | September 2020 | Captive | [40] | ||
Mouse, Western european house | (January 2022) | Captive (lab) | [41] | ||
Otter, Asian small-clawed | April 2021 | Captive | [42] | ||
Pangolin (SARS-CoV2-Related Virus—as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically—antibodies detected; see "Wild or Captive infection" column) | February – July 2020 (Thailand) | Wild (Study concluded only that evidence of past infection with SARS-CoV2-Related Virus—as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically—was detected due to following findings: While Neutralizing Antibodies highly specific to SARS-CoV2 were found in small sample, it’s highly plausible that the antibodies were cross-reacting antibodies to other SARS-CoV2-Related Virus(es); Tested negative for virus) | [43] | ||
Raccoon | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
Raccoon dog | December 2020 | Yes | Captive | [44] | |
Red fox | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
Rhesus macaque | May 2020 | Captive | [14][45] | ||
Ring-tailed coati | October 2021 | Captive | [46] | ||
Snow leopard | December 2020 | Captive | [18][47] | ||
Spotted hyena | November 2021 | Captive | [48] | ||
Squirrel monkey | July 2022 | Captive | [49] | ||
Striped skunk | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
Swan | Summer 2022 | Undisclosed | [50] | ||
Virginia opossum | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
West Indian manatee | (January 2022) | Captive | [4] | ||
White-footed mouse | November 2022 | Wild | [7][8] | ||
White-tailed deer | December 2020 | Yes | Yes[51][52] | Captive and Wild | [53][54] |
See also
References
- ^ CDC (2020-02-11). "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
- ^ Ulrich, Lorenz; Michelitsch, Anna; Halwe, Nico; Wernike, Kerstin; Hoffmann, Donata; Beer, Martin (April 2021). "Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Bank Voles". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (4): 1193–1195. doi:10.3201/eid2704.204945. PMC 8007283. PMID 33754987.
- ^ Crook, Jack (July 19, 2021). "Metagenomic identification of a new sarbecovirus from horseshoe bats in Europe". Nature. 11 (1): 14723. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1114723C. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94011-z. PMC 8289822. PMID 34282196. S2CID 233530091.
- ^ a b c Arteaga, Franco Lucero; Jodar, Mercedes Nabaes; Mondino, Mariela; Portu, Ana; Boeris, Monica; Joly, Ana; Jar, Ana; Mundo, Silvia; Castro, Eliana; Alvarez, Diego; Torres, Carolina; Viegas, Mariana; Bratanich, Ana (23 August 2022). "An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in big hairy armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus) associated with Gamma variant in Argentina three months after being undetectable in humans". doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.503528. S2CID 251910724.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b "Confirmation of COVID-19 in a Binturong and a Fishing Cat at an Illinois Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
- ^ Pereira, Asheley; Vasconcelos, Anna; Silva, Victoria; Nogueira, Beatriz; Silva, Anna; Pacheco, Richard; Souza, Marcos; Colodel, Edson; Ubiali, Daniel; Biondo, Alexander; Nakazato, Luciano; Dutra, Valéria (26 April 2022). "Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Free-Ranging Black-Tailed Marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an Urban Area in Mid-West Brazil". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 194 (194): 22–27. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.005. PMC 9040408. PMID 35577455.
- ^ a b c d e f g Toshniwal Paharia, Pooja (8 November 2022). "Study indicates widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wildlife". News Medical. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Main, Douglas (9 January 2023). "COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "Confirmation of COVID-19 in a Canada Lynx at a Pennsylvania Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
- ^ Anthes, Emily (10 June 2022). "A new study is the first to document likely cat-to-human virus transmission, but risks are low overall, experts say". New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- The study: Sila, Thanit; Sunghan, Jutapoln; Laochareonsuk, Wison; Surasombatpattana, Smonrapat; Kongkamol, Chanon; Ingviya, Thammasin; Siripaitoon, Pisud; Kositpantawong, Narongdet; Kanchanasuwan, Siripen; Hortiwakul, Thanaporn; Charernmak, Boonsri; Nwabor, Ozioma Forstinus; Silpapojakul, Kachornsakdi; Chusri, Sarunyou (2022). "Suspected Cat-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Thailand, July–September 2021 - Volume 28, Number 7—July 2022 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 28 (7): 1485–1488. doi:10.3201/eid2807.212605. PMC 9239874. PMID 35666777. S2CID 249434258.
- ^ a b Shi, Jianzhong; Wen, Zhiyuan; Zhong, Gongxun; Yang, Huanliang; Wang, Chong; Huang, Baoying; Liu, Renqiang; He, Xijun; Shuai, Lei; Sun, Ziruo; Zhao, Yubo (2020-05-29). "Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2". Science. 368 (6494): 1016–1020. doi:10.1126/science.abb7015. PMC 7164390. PMID 32269068.
- ^ a b Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.; Hartwig, Airn E.; Porter, Stephanie M.; Gordy, Paul W.; Nehring, Mary; Byas, Alex D.; VandeWoude, Sue; Ragan, Izabela K.; Maison, Rachel M.; Bowen, Richard A. (20 October 2020). "Experimental infection of domestic dogs and cats with SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, transmission, and response to reexposure in cats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (42): 26382–26388. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726382B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2013102117. PMC 7585007. PMID 32994343.
- ^ a b "A Global Open Access Dataset of Reported SARS-CoV-2 Events in Animals". SARS-ANI VIS. Complexity Science Hub Vienna. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ a b c Neff, Ellen P. (February 2021). "More monkey models for studying COVID-19". Lab Animal. 50 (2): 44. doi:10.1038/s41684-021-00717-y. PMID 33505014. S2CID 231760303.
- ^ a b Singh, Dhiraj Kumar; Singh, Bindu; Ganatra, Shashank R.; Gazi, Michal; Cole, Journey; Thippeshappa, Rajesh; Alfson, Kendra J.; Clemmons, Elizabeth; Gonzalez, Olga; Escobedo, Ruby; Lee, Tae-Hyung; Chatterjee, Ayan; Goez-Gazi, Yenny; Sharan, Riti; Gough, Maya; Alvarez, Cynthia; Blakley, Alyssa; Ferdin, Justin; Bartley, Carmen; Staples, Hilary; Parodi, Laura; Callery, Jessica; Mannino, Amanda; Klaffke, Benjamin; Escareno, Priscilla; Platt, Roy N.; Hodara, Vida; Scordo, Julia; Gautam, Shalini; Vilanova, Andreu G.; Olmo-Fontanez, Angelica; Schami, Alyssa; Oyejide, Adelekan; Ajithdoss, Dharani K.; Copin, Richard; Baum, Alina; Kyratsous, Christos; Alvarez, Xavier; Ahmed, Mushtaq; Rosa, Bruce; Goodroe, Anna; Dutton, John; Hall-Ursone, Shannan; Frost, Patrice A.; Voges, Andra K.; Ross, Corinna N.; Sayers, Ken; Chen, Christopher; Hallam, Cory; Khader, Shabaana A.; Mitreva, Makedonka; Anderson, Timothy J. C.; Martinez-Sobrido, Luis; Patterson, Jean L.; Turner, Joanne; Torrelles, Jordi B.; Dick, Edward J.; Brasky, Kathleen; Schlesinger, Larry S.; Giavedoni, Luis D.; Carrion, Ricardo; Kaushal, Deepak (18 December 2020). "Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets". Nature Microbiology. 6 (1): 73–86. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4. PMC 7890948. PMID 33340034.
- ^ Holmes, Edward C.; Goldstein, Stephen A.; Rasmussen, Angela L.; Robertson, David L.; Crits-Christoph, Alexander; Wertheim, Joel O.; Anthony, Simon J.; Barclay, Wendy S.; Boni, Maciej F.; Doherty, Peter C.; Farrar, Jeremy; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Jiang, Xiaowei; Leibowitz, Julian L.; Neil, Stuart J. D.; Skern, Tim; Weiss, Susan R.; Worobey, Michael; Andersen, Kristian G.; Garry, Robert F.; Rambaut, Andrew (16 September 2021). "The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review". Cell. 184 (19): 4848–4856. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017. PMC 8373617. PMID 34480864.
- ^ Goldberg, Amanda R.; Langwig, Kate E.; Marano, Jeffrey; Sharp, Amanda K.; Brown, Katherine L.; Ceci, Alessandro; Kailing, Macy J.; Briggs, Russell; Roby, Clinton; Brown, Anne M.; Weger-Lucarelli, James; Finkielstein, Carla V.; Hoyt, Joseph R. (7 November 2022). "Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient". doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515237. S2CID 253422132.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b Valencak, Teresa G.; Csiszar, Anna; Szalai, Gabor; Podlutsky, Andrej; Tarantini, Stefano; Fazekas-Pongor, Vince; Papp, Magor; Ungvari, Zoltan (October 2021). "Animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2: calculable COVID-19 risk for older adults from animal to human transmission". GeroScience. 43 (5): 2305–2320. doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00444-9. PMC 8404404. PMID 34460063.
- ^ Rockx, Barry; Kuiken, Thijs; Herfst, Sander; Bestebroer, Theo; Lamers, Mart M.; Munnink, Bas B. Oude; Meulder, Dennis de; Amerongen, Geert van; Brand, Judith van den; Okba, Nisreen M. A.; Schipper, Debby (2020-05-29). "Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model". Science. 368 (6494): 1012–1015. doi:10.1126/science.abb7314. PMC 7164679. PMID 32303590.
- ^ Sit, Thomas H. C.; Brackman, Christopher J.; Ip, Sin Ming; Tam, Karina W. S.; Law, Pierra Y. T.; To, Esther M. W.; Yu, Veronica Y. T.; Sims, Leslie D.; Tsang, Dominic N. C.; Chu, Daniel K. W.; Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M.; Poon, Leo L. M.; Peiris, Malik (29 October 2020). "Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2". Nature. 586 (7831): 776–778. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..776S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2334-5. PMC 7606701. PMID 32408337.
- ^ Mykytyn, Anna Z.; Lamers, Mart M.; Okba, Nisreen M. A.; Breugem, Tim I.; Schipper, Debby; van den Doel, Petra B.; van Run, Peter; van Amerongen, Geert; de Waal, Leon; Koopmans, Marion P. G.; Stittelaar, Koert J.; van den Brand, Judith M. A.; Haagmans, Bart L. (2021). "Susceptibility of rabbits to SARS-CoV-2". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 10 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1868951. PMC 7832544. PMID 33356979.
- ^ Griffin, Bryan D.; Chan, Mable; Tailor, Nikesh; Mendoza, Emelissa J.; Leung, Anders; Warner, Bryce M.; Duggan, Ana T.; Moffat, Estella; He, Shihua; Garnett, Lauren; Tran, Kaylie N.; Banadyga, Logan; Albietz, Alixandra; Tierney, Kevin; Audet, Jonathan; Bello, Alexander; Vendramelli, Robert; Boese, Amrit S.; Fernando, Lisa; Lindsay, L. Robbin; Jardine, Claire M.; Wood, Heidi; Poliquin, Guillaume; Strong, James E.; Drebot, Michael; Safronetz, David; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa; Kobasa, Darwyn (14 June 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 3612. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.3612G. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23848-9. PMC 8203675. PMID 34127676.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. "Beavers in Mongolia test Covid positive". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ Qiu, Xinyu; Liu, Yi; Sha, Ailong (19 September 2022). "SARS-CoV-2 and natural infection in animals". Journal of Medical Virology. 95 (1): jmv.28147. doi:10.1002/jmv.28147. PMC 9538246. PMID 36121159.
- ^ Rains, Molly (19 July 2023). "Dublin deer herd first in Europe to be infected with COVID-19 virus, raising concerns about further spread". Science. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ Kim, Young-Il; Kim, Seong-Gyu; Kim, Se-Mi; Kim, Eun-Ha; Park, Su-Jin; Yu, Kwang-Min; Chang, Jae-Hyung; Kim, Eun Ji; Lee, Seunghun; Casel, Mark Anthony B.; Um, Jihye; Song, Min-Suk; Jeong, Hye Won; Lai, Van Dam; Kim, Yeonjae; Chin, Bum Sik; Park, Jun-Sun; Chung, Ki-Hyun; Foo, Suan-Sin; Poo, Haryoung; Mo, In-Pil; Lee, Ok-Jun; Webby, Richard J.; Jung, Jae U.; Choi, Young Ki (May 2020). "Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets". Cell Host & Microbe. 27 (5): 704–709.e2. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.023. PMC 7144857. PMID 32259477.
- ^ Schlottau, Kore; Rissmann, Melanie; Graaf, Annika; Schön, Jacob; Sehl, Julia; Wylezich, Claudia; Höper, Dirk; Mettenleiter, Thomas C; Balkema-Buschmann, Anne; Harder, Timm; Grund, Christian; Hoffmann, Donata; Breithaupt, Angele; Beer, Martin (September 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs, and chickens: an experimental transmission study". The Lancet Microbe. 1 (5): e218–e225. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30089-6. PMC 7340389. PMID 32838346.
- ^ Mallapaty, Smriti (4 February 2022). "How sneezing hamsters sparked a COVID outbreak in Hong Kong". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00322-0. PMID 35121814. S2CID 246557123.
- ^ Sia, Sin Fun; Yan, Li-Meng; Chin, Alex W. H.; Fung, Kevin; Choy, Ka-Tim; Wong, Alvina Y. L.; Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn; Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M.; Poon, Leo L. M.; Nicholls, John M.; Peiris, Malik; Yen, Hui-Ling (30 July 2020). "Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters". Nature. 583 (7818): 834–838. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..834S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2342-5. PMC 7394720. PMID 32408338.
- ^ "Captive gorillas test positive for coronavirus". www.science.org. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ Times, The Brussels. "Hippos at ZOO Antwerp test positive for Covid-19". www.brusselstimes.com. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ Mahajan, Sonalika; Karikalan, Mathesh; Chander, Vishal; Pawde, Abhijit; Saikumar, G.; Semmaran, M.; Sree Lakshmi, P.; Sharma, Megha; Nandi, Sukdeb; Singh, Karam Pal; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Singh, Raj Kumar; Sharma, Gaurav Kumar (16 August 2022). "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a free ranging leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in India". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 68 (5): 59. doi:10.1007/s10344-022-01608-4. PMC 9380657. PMID 35992994.
- ^ "Lions at Zagreb zoo catch COVID from their keeper". phys.org. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
- ^ a b McAloose, Denise; Laverack, Melissa; Wang, Leyi; Killian, Mary Lea; Caserta, Leonardo C.; Yuan, Fangfeng; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Queen, Krista; Mauldin, Matthew R.; Cronk, Brittany D.; Bartlett, Susan L. (2020-10-13). "From People to Panthera: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo". mBio. 11 (5). doi:10.1128/mBio.02220-20. PMC 7554670. PMID 33051368.
- ^ HNN Staff (15 October 2021). "Lion at Honolulu Zoo dies after contracting COVID in case prompting broader concern". Hawai`i News Now. Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Coronavirus: Tiger at Bronx Zoo tests positive for Covid-19". BBC News. 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
- ^ Dador, Denise (2021-07-14). "Scientists studying possible transmission of COVID-19 from animals to humans". ABC7 Los Angeles. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
- ^ Lu, Lu; Sikkema, Reina S.; Velkers, Francisca C.; Nieuwenhuijse, David F.; Fischer, Egil A. J.; Meijer, Paola A.; Bouwmeester-Vincken, Noortje; Rietveld, Ariene; Wegdam-Blans, Marjolijn C. A.; Tolsma, Paulien; Koppelman, Marco; Smit, Lidwien A. M.; Hakze-van der Honing, Renate W.; van der Poel, Wim H. M.; van der Spek, Arco N.; Spierenburg, Marcel A. H.; Molenaar, Robert Jan; Rond, Jan de; Augustijn, Marieke; Woolhouse, Mark; Stegeman, J. Arjan; Lycett, Samantha; Oude Munnink, Bas B.; Koopmans, Marion P. G. (23 November 2021). "Adaptation, spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed minks and associated humans in the Netherlands". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6802. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.6802L. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27096-9. PMC 8611045. PMID 34815406.
- ^ Oude Munnink, Bas B.; Sikkema, Reina S.; Nieuwenhuijse, David F.; Molenaar, Robert Jan; Munger, Emmanuelle; Molenkamp, Richard; van der Spek, Arco; Tolsma, Paulien; Rietveld, Ariene; Brouwer, Miranda; Bouwmeester-Vincken, Noortje; Harders, Frank; Hakze-van der Honing, Renate; Wegdam-Blans, Marjolein C. A.; Bouwstra, Ruth J.; GeurtsvanKessel, Corine; van der Eijk, Annemiek A.; Velkers, Francisca C.; Smit, Lidwien A. M.; Stegeman, Arjan; van der Poel, Wim H. M.; Koopmans, Marion P. G. (8 January 2021). "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans". Science. 371 (6525): 172–177. Bibcode:2021Sci...371..172O. doi:10.1126/science.abe5901. PMC 7857398. PMID 33172935.
- ^ Hartman, Amy L.; Nambulli, Sham; McMillen, Cynthia M.; White, Alexander G.; Tilston-Lunel, Natasha Louise; Albe, Joseph R.; Cottle, Emily; Dunn, Matthew D.; Frye, L. James; Gilliland, Theron H.; Olsen, Emily L.; O’Malley, Katherine J.; Schwarz, Madeline M.; Tomko, Jaime A.; Walker, Reagan C.; Xia, Mengying; Hartman, Matthew S.; Klein, Edwin; Scanga, Charles A.; Flynn, JoAnne L.; Klimstra, William B.; McElroy, Anita K.; Reed, Douglas S.; Duprex, W. Paul (18 September 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 infection of African green monkeys results in mild respiratory disease discernible by PET/CT imaging and shedding of infectious virus from both respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts". PLOS Pathogens. 16 (9): e1008903. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008903. PMC 7535860. PMID 32946524.
- ^ "ILAR Journal: "But Mouse, You Are Not Alone": On Some Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Infecting Mice". ILAR Journal. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- ^ Machemer, Theresa. "Otters at Georgia Aquarium Test Positive for Coronavirus". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ Wacharapluesadee, S.; Tan, C. W.; Maneeorn, P.; Duengkae, P.; Zhu, F.; Joyjinda, Y.; Kaewpom, T.; Chia, W. N.; Ampoot, W.; Lim, B. L.; Worachotsueptrakun, K.; Chen, V. C.; Sirichan, N.; Ruchisrisarod, C.; Rodpan, A.; Noradechanon, K.; Phaichana, T.; Jantarat, N.; Thongnumchaima, B.; Tu, C.; Crameri, G.; Stokes, M. M.; Hemachudha, T.; Wang, L. F. (2021). "Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 972. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..972W. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21240-1. PMC 7873279. PMID 33563978.
- ^ Freuling, Conrad M.; Breithaupt, Angele; Müller, Thomas; Sehl, Julia; Balkema-Buschmann, Anne; Rissmann, Melanie; Klein, Antonia; Wylezich, Claudia; Höper, Dirk; Wernike, Kerstin; Aebischer, Andrea; Hoffmann, Donata; Friedrichs, Virginia; Dorhoi, Anca; Groschup, Martin H.; Beer, Martin; Mettenleiter, Thomas C. (December 2020). "Susceptibility of Raccoon Dogs for Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (12): 2982–2985. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203733. PMC 7706974. PMID 33089771.
- ^ Munster, Vincent J.; Feldmann, Friederike; Williamson, Brandi N.; van Doremalen, Neeltje; Pérez-Pérez, Lizzette; Schulz, Jonathan; Meade-White, Kimberly; Okumura, Atsushi; Callison, Julie; Brumbaugh, Beniah; Avanzato, Victoria A.; Rosenke, Rebecca; Hanley, Patrick W.; Saturday, Greg; Scott, Dana; Fischer, Elizabeth R.; de Wit, Emmie (10 September 2020). "Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2". Nature. 585 (7824): 268–272. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2324-7. PMC 7486227. PMID 32396922.
- ^ "Confirmation of COVID-19 in a Coatimundi at an Illinois Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
- ^ Scottie Andrew (11 December 2020). "Three snow leopards test positive for coronavirus, making it the sixth confirmed animal species". CNN. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ "Confirmation of COVID-19 in Hyenas at a Colorado Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
- ^ Donnelly, Jamie (12 July 2022). "Squirrel monkey with COVID dies at Reid Park Zoo; virus' role unclear". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ^ Prater, Erin (5 August 2022). "The type and frequency of animals coming down with COVID is trying to tell us something about the future of the pandemic. Scientists are on the case". Fortune. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ Taylor, Luke (4 March 2022). "Deer Likely Transmitted Coronavirus to a Human". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ Pickering, Bradley; Lung, Oliver; Maguire, Finlay; Kruczkiewicz, Peter; Kotwa, Jonathon; Buchanan, Tore; Gagnier, Marianne; Guthrie, Jennifer; Jardine, Claire; Marchand-Austin, Alex; Massé, Ariane; McClinchey, Heather; Nirmalarajah, Kuganya; Aftanas, Patryk; Blais-Savoie, Juliette; Chee, Hsien-Yao; Chien, Emily; Yim, Winfield; Banete, Andra; Griffin, Bryan; Yip, Lily; Goolia, Melissa; Suderman, Matthew; Pinette, Mathieu; Smith, Greg; Sullivan, Daniel; Rudar, Josip; Vernygora, Oksana; Adey, Elizabeth; Nebrokski, Michelle; Goyette, Guillaume; Finzi, Andrés; Laroche, Geneviève; Ariana, Ardeshir; Vahkal, Brett; Côté, Marceline; McGeer, Allison; Nituch, Larissa; Mubareka, Samira; Bowman, Jeff (10 November 2022). "Divergent SARS-CoV-2 variant emerges in white-tailed deer with deer-to-human transmission". Nature Microbiology. 7 (12): 2011–2024. doi:10.1038/s41564-022-01268-9. PMC 9712111. PMID 36357713.
- ^ "Animals likely started the pandemic. They'll likely keep it going, too". The Week. 4 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
- ^ Palmer, Mitchell V.; Martins, Mathias; Falkenberg, Shollie; Buckley, Alexandra; Caserta, Leonardo C.; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Cassmann, Eric D.; Rollins, Alicia; Zylich, Nancy C.; Renshaw, Randall W.; Guarino, Cassandra (2021-03-10). "Susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to SARS-CoV-2". Journal of Virology. 95 (11). doi:10.1128/JVI.00083-21. PMC 8139686. PMID 33692203.
Further reading
- Mallapaty, Smriti (2 March 2021). "The search for animals harbouring coronavirus — and why it matters". Nature. 591 (7848): 26–28. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...26M. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00531-z. PMID 33654304. S2CID 232102820.
External links
- SARS-ANI VIS: A Global Open Access Dataset of Reported SARS-CoV-2 Events in Animals