Luo Haocai
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Luo_Haocai.jpg/220px-Luo_Haocai.jpg)
13 March 1998 – 13 March 2008
Jia Qinglin
December 1997 – November 2007
Singapore, Straits Settlements
Beijing
Chinese Communist Party
Columbia University
Luo Haocai (Chinese: 罗豪才; Wade–Giles: Lo Hao-ts'ai; March 1934 – 12 February 2018) was a Chinese legal scholar, Supreme Court judge, and politician. He served as professor and Vice President of Peking University, Vice President of the Supreme People's Court, Chairman of China Zhi Gong Party (Public Interest Party), and Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). In the field of administrative law, he proposed the "theory of balance", which has become highly influential in China.
Early life in Singapore
Luo was born in March 1934 in Singapore, with his ancestral home in Anxi County, Fujian, China. His grandfather had moved to Burma and later settled in Singapore. During the Japanese occupation of Singapore, his uncle and the principal of his school were killed in the Sook Ching massacre.[1][2]
British rule was restored in Singapore at the end of World War II. While a 17-year-old student at The Chinese High School, Luo participated in the anti-colonial movement and was jailed by the British government for more than a year.[2] As he had lost his birth certificate, he was deported to China in July 1952 after his release from prison.[1]
Academic career
In China, Luo studied at Zhiyong High School in Guangzhou and Wuxi No.1 High School in Jiangsu. He was admitted to Peking University Law School in 1956,[1] and stayed on as a faculty member after graduating in 1960.[2]
Starting as an assistant teacher, he rose to lecturer, associate professor, professor, and eventually Vice President of Peking University.[3] He was also Vice President of the Chinese Law Society and Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese.[3]
Theory of balance
In the 1990s, Luo proposed the "theory of balance" in administrative law. According to Luo, the fundamental relationship in administrative law is that between the administrative power and a person or organization.[4] In premodern times, the relationship was unequal: the authorities imposed duties on individuals. In modern capitalist societies, which have established the rule of law, administrative law aims to control the power of the authorities and protect the basic rights of individuals.[4] Although this has been a major development in human society, Luo argued that the system sacrifices efficiency for the sake of democracy and impedes economic development. His proposed solution is a "theory of balance", which seeks to simultaneously protect and restrain both the power of the administrative organ and the rights of citizens. His theory has become highly influential in China, although it is also controversial.[4]
Political career
He joined the China Zhi Gong Party (Public Interest Party) in 1992, and became its vice-chairman. From 1995 to 2000, he served as Vice President of the Supreme People's Court, China's highest court. In 1997 he was elected as Chairman of the Party, and in the following year, as Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). He served in both positions for two terms (10 years).[3]
In 1999, he served as a member of the Preparatory Committee for the Handover of Macau.[3]
Death
Luo died in Beijing in the morning of 12 February 2018, at the age of 83.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d 原中国全国政协副主席罗豪才逝世. Zaobao (in Chinese (Singapore)). 2018-02-12. Archived from the original on 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
- ^ a b c 罗豪才:被“驱逐”的进步青年 (in Chinese (China)). Phoenix News. 2018-02-12. Archived from the original on 2024-05-24. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
- ^ a b c d "Biography of Luo Haocai". China Vitae. Archived from the original on 2018-02-13. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
- ^ a b c Chen, Jianfu (4 December 2015). Chinese Law: Context and Transformation: Revised and Expanded Edition. BRILL. pp. 292–3. ISBN 978-90-04-22889-4.
External links
- Luo Haocai profile at the Open University of China
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(1949–1954)
(1954–1959)
(1959–1965)
- Peng Zhen
- Li Jishen
- Guo Moruo
- Shen Junru
- Huang Yanpei
Li Weihan(removed 1964)- Li Siguang
- Chen Shutong
- Tan Kah Kee
- Burhan Shahidi
- Chen Yi
- Kang Sheng
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- He Xiangning (added 1960)
(1965–1978)
(1978–1983)
- Ulanhu
- Wei Guoqing
- Peng Chong
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- Song Renqiong
- Mao Dun
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- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Zhou Jianren
- Zhuang Xiquan
- Hu Zi'ang
- Rong Yiren
- Tong Dizhou
- Liu Lantao (added; secretary-general)
- Lu Dingyi (added)
- Li Weihan (added)
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- Wang Kunlun (added)
- Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni (added)
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- Xiao Ke (added)
- Cheng Zihua (added)
- Yang Xiufeng (added)
- Sha Qianli (added)
- Burhan Shahidi (added)
- Zhou Peiyuan (added)
- Qian Changzhao (added)
- Liu Fei (added)
- Dong Qiwu (added)
(1983–1988)
- Yang Jingren
- Liu Lantao
- Lu Dingyi
- Cheng Zihua
- Kang Keqing
- Ji Fang
- Zhuang Xiquan
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Hu Zi'ang
- Wang Kunlun
- Qian Changzhao
- Dong Qiwu
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- Zhou Shutao
- Yang Chengwu
- Xiao Hua
- Chen Zaidao
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- Zhou Jianren
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Burhan Shahidi
- Miao Yuntai
- Wang Guangying
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Fei Xiaotong
- Zhao Puchu
- Ye Shengtao
- Qu Wu
- Ba Jin
- Ma Wenrui (added)
- Mao Yisheng (added)
- Liu Jingji (added)
- Hua Luogeng (added)
- Wang Enmao (added)
- Qian Xuesen (added)
- Lei Jieqiong (added)
- Wang Feng (added)
- Qian Weichang (added)
(1988–1993)
- Wang Renzhong
- Yan Mingfu
- Fang Yi
- Gu Mu
- Yang Jingren
- Kang Keqing
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Hu Zi'ang
- Qian Changzhao
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Miao Yuntai
- Wang Guangying
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Zhao Puchu
- Qu Wu
- Ba Jin
- Ma Wenrui
- Liu Jingji
- Wang Enmao
- Qian Xuesen
- Qian Weichang
- Hu Sheng
- Sun Xiaocun
- Cheng Siyuan
- Lu Jiaxi
- Qian Zhengying
- Su Buqing
- Ismail Amat
- Hou Jingru (added)
- K. H. Ting (added)
- Hong Xuezhi (added)
- Ye Xuanping (added)
(1993–1998)
- Ye Xuanping
- Wu Xueqian
- Yang Rudai
- Wang Zhaoguo
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Saifuddin Azizi
- Hong Xuezhi
- Yang Jingren
- Zhou Peiyuan
- Deng Zhaoxiang
- Zhao Puchu
- Ba Jin
- Liu Jingji
- Qian Xuesen
- Qian Weichang
- Hu Sheng
- Qian Zhengying
- Su Buqing
- Hou Jingru
- K. H. Ting
- Dong Yinchu
- Sun Fuling
- Ann Tse-kai
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Zhu Guangya (added)
- Wan Guoquan (added)
- He Luli (added)
(1998–2003)
- Ye Xuanping
- Yang Rudai
- Wang Zhaoguo
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Zhao Puchu
- Ba Jin
- Qian Weichang
- Lu Jiaxi
- Ren Jianxin
- Song Jian
- Li Guixian
- Chen Junsheng
- Zhang Siqing
- Qian Zhengying
- K. H. Ting
- Sun Fuling
- Ann Tse-kai
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Zhu Guangya
- Wan Guoquan
- Hu Qili
- Chen Jinhua
- Zhao Nanqi
- Mao Zhiyong
- Bai Lichen
- Jing Shuping
- Luo Haocai
- Zhang Kehui
- Zhou Tienong
- Wang Wenyuan
(2003–2008)
- Wang Zhongyu
- Liao Hui
- Liu Yandong
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Ba Jin
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Li Guixian
- Zhang Siqing
- K. H. Ting
- Henry Fok
- Ma Man-kei
- Bai Lichen
- Luo Haocai
- Zhang Kehui
- Zhou Tienong
- Hao Jianxiu
- Chen Kuiyuan
- Ablet Abdureshit
- Xu Kuangdi
- Li Zhaozhuo
- Huang Mengfu
- Wang Xuan
- Zhang Huaixi
- Li Meng
- Tung Chee-hwa (added 2005)
- Zhang Meiying (added 2005)
- Zhang Rongming (added 2005)
(2008–2013)
- Wang Gang
- Liao Hui
- Du Qinglin
- Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Ma Man-kei
- Bai Lichen
- Chen Kuiyuan
- Ablet Abdureshit
- Li Zhaozhuo
- Huang Mengfu
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Zhang Meiying
- Zhang Rongming
- Qian Yunlu (secretary-general)
- Sun Jiazheng
- Li Jinhua
- Zheng Wantong
- Deng Pufang
- Wan Gang
- Lin Wenyi
- Li Wuwei
- Luo Fuhe
- Chen Zongxing
- Wang Zhizhen
- Edmund Ho (added 2010)
(2013–2018)
- Du Qinglin
Ling Jihua(removed 2015)- Han Qide
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Wan Gang
- Lin Wenyi
- Luo Fuhe
- Edmund Ho
- Zhang Qingli (secretary-general)
- Li Haifeng
Su Rong(removed 2014)- Chen Yuan
- Lu Zhangong
- Zhou Xiaochuan
- Wang Jiarui
- Wang Zhengwei
- Ma Biao
- Qi Xuchun
- Chen Xiaoguang
- Ma Peihua
- Liu Xiaofeng
- Wang Qinmin
- Leung Chun-ying (added 2017)
(2018–2023)
- Zhang Qingli
- Liu Qibao
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Tung Chee-hwa
- Wan Gang
- Edmund Ho
- Lu Zhangong
- Wang Zhengwei
- Ma Biao
- Chen Xiaoguang
- Leung Chun-ying
- Xia Baolong (secretary-general)
- Yang Chuantang
- Li Bin (secretary-general)
- Bagatur
- Wang Yongqing
- He Lifeng
- Su Hui
- Zheng Jianbang
- Gu Shengzu
- Liu Xincheng
- He Wei
- Shao Hong
- Gao Yunlong
(2023–present)
- Shi Taifeng
- Hu Chunhua
- Shen Yueyue
- Wang Yong
- Zhou Qiang
- Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
- Edmund Ho
- Leung Chun-ying
- Bagatur
- Su Hui
- Shao Hong
- Gao Yunlong
- Chen Wu
- Mu Hong
- Xian Hui
- Wang Dongfeng (secretary-general)
- Jiang Xinzhi
- Jiang Zuojun
- He Baoxiang
- Wang Guangqian
- Qin Boyong
- Zhu Yongxin
- Yang Zhen