Order of Michael the Brave
Award
Order of Michael the Brave Ordinul Mihai Viteazul | |
---|---|
Type | Military Award |
Presented by | The King of Romania (1916 – 1947) The President of Romania (since 2000) |
Eligibility | Military personnel on active service |
Status | Awarded only in time of war |
Established | 1916, re-instituted 2000 |
First awarded | 1916 |
Last awarded | 1944 and disbanded in 1947 |
Ribbon of the Order of Michael the Brave | |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | None (Highest) |
Next (lower) | Order of the Star of Romania |
The Order of Michael the Brave (Romanian: Ordinul Mihai Viteazul) is Romania's highest military decoration, instituted by King Ferdinand I during the early stages of the Romanian Campaign of the First World War, and was again awarded in the Second World War. The Order, which may be bestowed either on an individual or on a whole unit, was named in honor of Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul), the late 16th-century Prince of Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia.
Data
- Requirements: Awarded to officers only for exceptional deeds on the battlefield. It is the highest ranking Romanian military order.
- Classes: 3rd, 2nd and 1st
- Date Instituted: September 26, 1916
- Number awarded: 2184
- During WW1:
- 1st class: 16
- 2nd class: 12
- 3rd class: 336 (of which 43 awarded to military units)
- During WW2:
- 1st class: 15
- 2nd class: 76 (of which 13 awarded to military units)
- 3rd class: 1628 (of which 118 awarded to military units)
- During WW1:
Recipients
- Józef Piłsudski
- Ion Antonescu
- Josip Broz Tito
- Vasile Atanasiu
- Alexandru Averescu
- Radu Bâldescu
- Nicolae Dabija
- Corneliu Dragalina
- Grigore Gafencu
- Eremia Grigorescu
- Douglas Haig
- Michael I of Romania (as Commander-in-Chief of the Romanian Army in 1941)
- John J. Pershing
- Radu Korne
- Mihail Lascăr
- Leonard Mociulschi
- Paolo Morrone
- Ioan Pălăghiţă
- Constantin Prezan
- Corneliu Teodorini
- Constantin Mihalcea
- Gheorghe Băgulescu
- Virgil Bădulescu[1][self-published source?]
During the Second World War, while Romania was allied with Germany, the Order was awarded to several military members of other Axis Powers, many in the Wehrmacht:
- Erwin Rommel
- Theodor Busse
- Fedor von Bock
- Walther von Brauchitsch
- Dietrich von Choltitz
- Karl Dönitz
- Hermann Göring
- Hermann Hoth
- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
- Erich von Manstein
- Friedrich Paulus
- Wolfram von Richthofen
- Gerd von Rundstedt
- Wilhelm Schöning
- Walter Warlimont
- Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist
- Helmuth von Pannwitz
- Erwin Jaenecke
See also
- List of military decorations
- List of Romanian decorations
References
- ^ "WorldWar2.ro - Second battle of Oituz (August 1917)".
External links
- (in English) Order of Michael the Brave at worldwar2.ro
- (in Romanian) History of the Order at the Romanian Presidency site
- (in English) Order of Michael the Brave and its recipients at TracesOfWar.com
- v
- t
- e
Highest military awards for gallantry
- Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross (Argentina)
- National Hero of Armenia (Armenia)
- National Hero of Azerbaijan title (Azerbaijan)
- Bir Sreshtho (Bangladesh)
- Hero of Belarus title (Belarus)
- Order of Bravery (Bulgaria)
- August 1 Medal (China)
- Order of Duke Domagoj (Croatia)
- Valour Cross (Denmark)
- Cross of Liberty (Estonia)
- Mannerheim Cross (Finland)
- Légion d'honneur (France)
- Cross of Honour for Valour (Germany)
- Cross of Valour (Greece)
- Param Vir Chakra (wartime) / Ashoka Chakra (peacetime) (India)
- Order of Fat'h (Iran)
- Military Medal for Gallantry (Ireland)
- Medal of Valor (Israel)
- Gold Medal of Military Valor (Italy)
- Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa (Malaysia)
- Military Order of William (Netherlands)
- War Cross (Norway)
- Nishan-e-Haider (Pakistan)
- Medal of Valor (Philippines)
- War Order Virtuti Militari (wartime) / Order Krzyża Wojskowego (peacetime) (Poland)
- Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal)
- Order of Michael the Brave (Romania)
- Hero of the Russian Federation title (Russian Federation)
- Order of the White Eagle with swords (Serbia)
- Order of the Somali Star (Somalia)
- Nkwe ya Gauta (South Africa)
- Laureate Cross of St. Ferdinand (Spain)
- Parama Weera Vibhushanaya (Sri Lanka)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (Sweden)
- Order of Rama (Thailand)
- Medal of Honor (Turkey)
- Order of Katonga (Uganda)
- Order of the Gold Star (Ukraine)
- Victoria Cross (United Kingdom
- Australia
- Canada
- New Zealand)
- Medal of Honor (United States)
- Order of Saint Louis (Kingdom of France)
- Military Order of Maria Theresa (Austria-Hungary)
- Medal of Bravery (Kingdom of Hungary)
- Pour le Mérite (Kingdom of Prussia)
- Military Order of Max Joseph (Kingdom of Bavaria)
- Military Order of St. Henry (Kingdom of Saxony)
- Military Merit Order (Kingdom of Württemberg)
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Nazi Germany)
- Order of the Golden Kite (Empire of Japan)
- Order of Lāčplēsis (Latvia)
- Grand Cross of Valour (Rhodesia)
- Laureate Plate of Madrid (Second Spanish Republic)
- Castle of Good Hope Decoration (South Africa)
- Vietnam Military Merit Medal (South Vietnam)
- Hero of the Soviet Union (Soviet Union)
- Hero of Artsakh title (Artsakh)
- Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
- Order of Freedom (SFR Yugoslavia)
- Grass Crown (Ancient Rome)
- Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)