Pablo O'Higgins
Pablo Esteban O'Higgins | |
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Born | Paul Higgins Stevenson[1] (1904-03-01)1 March 1904[1] |
Died | 16 July 1983(1983-07-16) (aged 79)[1] |
Nationality | Mexican,[1] American |
Education | Academy of Arts, San Diego[1] |
Known for | Painting |
Pablo Esteban O'Higgins (born Paul Higgins Stevenson; March 1, 1904 - July 16, 1983) was an American-Mexican artist, muralist and illustrator.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Drawing_of_a_mother_and_child_by_Pablo_O%27Higgins.jpg/220px-Drawing_of_a_mother_and_child_by_Pablo_O%27Higgins.jpg)
Early life and education
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, O'Higgins was raised there and in San Diego, California.[1] In 1922 he abandoned his first career as a pianist and entered the Academy of Arts in San Diego.[1]
Within two years he'd become a student of Diego Rivera, assisting Rivera on his murals at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo, and the Public Education Secretariat.[2]
Mexico and murals
Like Rivera, O'Higgins became an active member of the Mexican Communist Party.[1] He immigrated to Mexico permanently in 1924, joined the party in 1927,[1] and maintained his party membership until 1947.[1] His political illustrations for the Daily Worker won him a year's study at the Academy of Art in Moscow on a Soviet Scholarship in 1933.[3]
In 1937, O'Higgins was the co-founder, with fellow artists Leopoldo Méndez and Luis Arenal, of the Taller de Gráfica Popular ("People's Graphic Workshop").[1] The Taller became inspiration to many politically active leftist artists; for example, American expressionist painter Byron Randall went on to found similar artist collectives after becoming an associate member.[4][5] In May 1940 O'Higgins had the honor of being the only non-native Mexican artist with work included in the seminal "Twenty Centuries of Mexican Art" exhibit organized by the Museum of Modern Art.[3]
In 1961 O'Higgins was awarded honorary Mexican citizenship for "his contributions to the national arts and education".[1] One of his murals can be seen at the Abelardo L. Rodriguez Market, Mexico City.[6]
His 1945 mural for the Ship Scalers Union Hall in Seattle is installed in Kane Hall at the University of Washington in Seattle.[7][8] The mural depicts Seattle's Ship Scalers Union's (SSU) history as a strongly anti-racist, anti-discriminatory, and progressive force in social politics.[9]
Among O'Higgins' students was the American graphic designer Bob Cato,[10] and artist and muralist Marion Greenwood.[11]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drawing_of_a_man_carrying_agave_leaves_by_Pablo_O%27Higgins.jpg/220px-Drawing_of_a_man_carrying_agave_leaves_by_Pablo_O%27Higgins.jpg)
Further reading
- Acevedo, Esther. "Young Muralists at the Abelardo L. Rodriguez Market." in Mexican Muralism: A Critical History, Alejandro Anreus, Robin Adèle Greeley, and Leonard Folgarait. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 2012, pp. 125–147.
- Espinosa Campos, Eduardo. "Pablo O'Higgins: arte mural para las escuelas". In La pintura mural en los centros de educación en México. Pinacoteca 2003.é
- Flores, Laura. "Pablo O'Higgins: Pintura y Cambio Social." Metamórphosis, Northwest Chicano Magazine of Art and Literature. IV no. 2, col. V no. 1 (1982/1983).ó
- Fundación Cultural María y Pablo O'Higgins. Pablo O'Higgins, Contruyendo vidas. Mexico City 2005.
- Hijar, Alberto. Pablo O'Higgins: Apuntes y dibujos de trabajadores. Monterrey: Secretaría de Educación y Cultura 1987.
- Poniatowska, Elena and Gilbert Bosques. Pablo O'Higgins. Mexico City: Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior 1984.
- UNAM. Pablo O'Higgins: Voz de Lucha y Arte. Mexico City: UNAM-Gobierno del Distrito Federal, Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo León, Fundación Cultural María y Pablo O'Higgins, A.C., 2005.
- Vogel, Susan. Becoming Pablo O'Higgins. San Francisco and Salt Lake City: Pince-Nez Press 2010 ISBN 978-1930074217
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Murray, Edmundo (2007-03-01). "Dictionary of Irish Latin American Biography - O'Higgins, Pablo". Society for Irish Latin American Studies. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Rochfort, Desmond, Mexican Muralists: Orozco, Rivera Siqueiros, Chronicle Books, San Francisco, 1993
- ^ a b "Pablo O´Higgins, 1904 - 1983". Andrés Blaisten Museum. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Makin, Jean, ed. (1999). Codex Mendez. Tempe: Arizona State U. See also Prignitz, Helga (1992). El Taller de Gráfica Popular en México 1937–1977. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes.
- ^ Vogel, Susan (2010). Becoming Pablo O’Higgins. San Francisco/Salt Lake City: Pince-Nez Press.
- ^ Gomez Florez, Laura (2008-05-19). "Remodelan el histórico mercado Abelardo L. Rodríguez como parte del rescate del Centro" (in Spanish). Mexico City: La Jornada. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
- ^ Oscar Rosales Castañeda. "The Chicano Movement in Washington State 1967-2006 Part 2- Chicano Cultural Awakening". University of Washington.
- ^ Gigi Peterson (2011). "Recobrando / Recovering The Struggle against Racial Discrimination: The Journey of the Pablo O'Higgins Mural for Seattle Ship Scalers Union" (PDF). Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas. 8 (4): 7–40. doi:10.1215/15476715-1375294.
The Struggle against Racial Discrimination moved from the basement of Kane Hall to its second floor, which it dominates. (p. 40)
[permanent dead link] - ^ Farley, Adam. "The Ship Scalers Union and Seattle's Racial Progressivism in the 20th Century". Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ "Bob Cato, 75, Designer of Covers for Albums". The New York Times. 20 March 1999.
- ^ "The Great Women of Muralism in Mexico". Mexicanist.com. 2020-01-04. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
External links
- Works produced by Pablo O'Higgins at the Taller de Gráfica Popular - Gráfica Mexicana
- v
- t
- e
- History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution (1929-1930)
- The History of Mexico (1929-1935)
- Prometheus (1930)
- América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos (1932)
- Detroit Industry Murals (1932-1933)
- The Epic of American Civilization (1932-1934)
- Man at the Crossroads (1934)
- Pan American Unity (1940)
- Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central (1946-1947)
- Day and Night (1954)
- Still Life (1954)
- La Marcha de la Humanidad (1960s)
- Diego Rivera
- David Alfaro Siqueiros
- José Clemente Orozco
- Alfredo Ramos Martínez
- Roberto Montenegro
- Federico Cantú
- Fernando Leal
- Rufino Tamayo
- Jorge González Camarena
- Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin
- Pedro Nel Gómez
- Juan O'Gorman
- Pablo O'Higgins
- José Chávez Morado
- Jean Charlot
- Ramón Alva de la Canal
- Raúl Anguiano
- Amado de la Cueva
- Fermín Revueltas
- Benito Messeguer
- Vlady Kibalchich Russakov
- Alfredo Zalce
- Manuel Rodriguez Lozano
- Jorge Figueroa Acosta
- Arnold Belkin
- Carlos Mérida
- Leopoldo Flores