Philippine shortwing
Species of bird
| Philippine shortwing | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Male ssp. andersoni on Mount Banahaw, Luzon | |
 | |
| Immature ssp mindanensis on Mount Hamiguitan, Mindanao | |
Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Muscicapidae |
| Genus: | Brachypteryx |
| Species: | B. poliogyna |
| Binomial name | |
| Brachypteryx poliogyna Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 | |
The Philippine shortwing (Brachypteryx poliogyna) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines where it favours montane forest. It was once conspecific with the White-browed Shortwing.
Description and taxonomy
Ebird describes the celestial monarch as "A small, dark songster of montane rainforest floor and undergrowth in the Philippines. Male is overall dark, blue-gray with an indistinct, often concealed white eyebrow. Female has a dark gray body with a paler belly, and brown head and base to the undertail. Forages on the ground of various types of forest, including bamboo, fern, and mossy forest. Song is an up-and-down melody of long whistles, broken into short separate notes. Call, a repeated, soft double-note “biirrick!”[2]
This species was formerly considered as subspecies of the white-browed shortwing, now the Javan shortwing (Brachypteryx montana). The white-browed shortwing was split into five separate species based on the deep genetic difference between the populations[3][4] coupled with the significant differences in plumage and vocalization.[5][6]
Subspecies
Seven subspecies are recognised:[6]
- B. p. poliogyna Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 – montane north Luzon (north Philippines)
- B. p. andersoni Rand & Rabor, 1967 – montane south Luzon (north Philippines)
- B. p. mindorensis Hartert, EJO, 1916 – montane Mindoro (northwest Philippines)
- B. p. sillimani Ripley & Rabor, 1962 – montane Palawan (southwest Philippines)
- B. p. brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant, 1896 – montane Negros and Panay (central west Philippines)
- B. p. malindangensis Mearns, 1909 – Mount Malindang (Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, south Philippines)
- B. p. mindanensis Mearns, 1905 – Mount Apo, southeast Mindanao (south Philippines)
There is also an undescribed subspecies on South Cotabato which call is very different and is only found 800-1,000 masl. The higher elevation Mindanao subspecies group are candidates for a further splitting due to a very different calls compared to both its mid-elevation counterpart and the rest of the Philippines. Further work is needed on the taxonomy of this species complex.
The diet of consists of insects. [7]
Habitat and conservation status
Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest above 600 meters above sea level.
IUCN has assessed this bird as least-concern species but the population is still decreasing due to deforestation. [8]
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Brachypteryx poliogyna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103866625A104214201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103866625A104214201.en. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- ^ "Philippine Shortwing - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
- ^ Kyriazis, C.C.; Alam, B.; Wjodyla, M.; Hackett, S.; Hosner, P.; Mays, H.L.; Heaney, L.R.; Reddy, S. (2018). "Colonization and diversification of the white-browed shortwing (Aves: Muscicapidae: Brachypteryx montana) in the Philippines". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 121: 121–131. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.025.
- ^ Shakya, S.B.; Irham, M.; Brady, M.L.; Haryoko, T.; Fitriana, Y.S.; Johnson, O.; Rahman, M.A.; Robi, N.J.; Moyle, R.G.; Prawiradilaga, D.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2020). "Observations on the relationships of some Sundaic passerine taxa (Aves: Passeriformes) previously unavailable for molecular phylogenetic study". Journal of Ornithology. 161 (3): 651–664. doi:10.1007/s10336-020-01766-9.
- ^ Collar, N.; del Hoyo, J.; Christie, D.A.; Boesman, P.F.D. (2022). Sly, N.D. (ed.). "Philippine Shortwing (Brachypteryx poliogyna), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.whbsho7.01.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
- ^ Collar, Nigel; del Hoyo, Josep; Christie, David; Boesman, Peter F. D. (2022). "Philippine Shortwing (Brachypteryx poliogyna), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.whbsho7.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN 2771-3105.
- ^ IUCN (2016-10-01). Brachypteryx poliogyna: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103866625A104214201 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t103866625a104214201.en.
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