RFC1

Proteine

RFC1

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2EBU, 2K6G, 2K7F

Identifiers

Aliases

RFC1, RFC, replication factor C subunit 1, A1, PO-GA, RECC1, MHCBFB, RFC140, CANVAS

External IDs

OMIM: 102579; MGI: 97891; HomoloGene: 2187; GeneCards: RFC1; OMA:RFC1 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)^[1]

Band	4p14	Start	39,287,456 bp^[1]
Band	4p14	End	39,366,375 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)^[2]

Band	5 C3.1\|5 33.61 cM	Start	65,419,193 bp^[2]
Band	5 C3.1\|5 33.61 cM	End	65,493,013 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

Achilles tendon

ventricular zone

sural nerve

body of pancreas

epithelium of colon

testicle

ganglionic eminence

bone marrow cells

right adrenal cortex

tonsil

Top expressed in

genital tubercle

tail of embryo

otic placode

primitive streak

otic vesicle

saccule

zygote

epiblast

cumulus cell

morula

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding protein binding enzyme activator activity ATP binding DNA clamp loader activity DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding double-stranded DNA binding protein domain specific binding DNA clamp unloader activity
Cellular component	nucleoplasm extracellular exosome DNA replication factor C complex nucleus nucleolus cytoplasm Elg1 RFC-like complex protein-containing complex
Biological process	DNA-dependent DNA replication nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling regulation of transcription, DNA-templated telomere maintenance via telomerase error-free translesion synthesis transcription, DNA-templated error-prone translesion synthesis DNA replication translesion synthesis transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision DNA repair nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion positive regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication DNA clamp unloading
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


5981


19687

Ensembl


ENSG00000035928


ENSMUSG00000029191

UniProt


P35251


P35601

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001204747 NM_002913 NM_001363495 NM_001363496


NM_011258 NM_001347357 NM_001347358

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001191676 NP_002904 NP_001350424 NP_001350425


NP_001334286 NP_001334287 NP_035388

Location (UCSC)

Chr 4: 39.29 – 39.37 Mb

Chr 5: 65.42 – 65.49 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Replication factor C subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC1 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is the large subunit of replication factor C, which is a five subunit DNA polymerase accessory protein. Replication factor C is a DNA-dependent ATPase that is required for eukaryotic DNA replication and repair. The protein acts as an activator of DNA polymerases, binds to the 3' end of primers, and promotes coordinated synthesis of both strands. It also may have a role in telomere stability.^[6]

Interactions

RFC1 has been shown to interact with:

BRD4,^[7]
HDAC1,^[8]
PCNA,^[7]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]
RELA^[13] and
RFC3.^[14]^[15]^[16]

Clinical relevance

Biallelic intronic repeat expansions (a series of repeating nucleotide sequences) in the replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) gene causes cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS).^[17] Within the poly(A) tail of an AluSx3 element in RFC1, there are eleven repeats of the pentanucleotide "AAAAG". Repeat expansion and polymorphic configuration are observed in part of the population, with increased number of repeats associated to alternative "AAAGG", "AAGGG" and "ACAGG" pentanucleotides.^[18] In particular, biallelic "AAGGG" and "ACAGG" repeat expansion have disproportionately been observed in patients with CANVAS. Biallelic "AAGGG" repeat expansion is also reported in a high number of sporadic cases of late-onset ataxia,^[17] isolate sensory neuropathy^[19]^[20] and, less frequently, isolate cerebellar ataxia.^[21] Due to a diagnostic overlap with CANVAS, researchers have also investigated the presence of RFC1 expansions in pathologically confirmed multiple system atrophy (MSA) but found a similar alteration frequency (0.7%) to a healthy population, suggesting RFC1 does not have a role in this disease.^[22]

Mutant biallelic intronic repeat expansions do not affect RFC1 expression in patient peripheral and brain tissue, suggesting no overt loss of function of this gene.^[17]

In patients with the pathogenic RFC1 expansion, sensory neuropathy appears to be a predominant feature and patients may also present with symptoms such as cerebellar dysfunction, vestibular involvement and a dry spasmodic cough therefore, genetic testing is recommended in those with these symptoms.^[23]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000035928 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029191 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Luckow B, Bunz F, Stillman B, Lichter P, Schütz G (March 1994). "Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the 140-kilodalton subunit of replication factor C from mice and humans". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (3): 1626–34. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.3.1626. PMC 358521. PMID 8114700.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: RFC1 replication factor C (activator 1) 1, 145kDa".
^ ^a ^b Maruyama T, Farina A, Dey A, Cheong J, Bermudez VP, Tamura T, et al. (September 2002). "A Mammalian bromodomain protein, brd4, interacts with replication factor C and inhibits progression to S phase". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (18): 6509–20. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.18.6509-6520.2002. PMC 135621. PMID 12192049.
^ Anderson LA, Perkins ND (August 2002). "The large subunit of replication factor C interacts with the histone deacetylase, HDAC1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (33): 29550–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200513200. PMID 12045192.
^ Fotedar R, Mossi R, Fitzgerald P, Rousselle T, Maga G, Brickner H, et al. (August 1996). "A conserved domain of the large subunit of replication factor C binds PCNA and acts like a dominant negative inhibitor of DNA replication in mammalian cells". The EMBO Journal. 15 (16): 4423–33. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00815.x. PMC 452166. PMID 8861969.
^ Mossi R, Jónsson ZO, Allen BL, Hardin SH, Hübscher U (January 1997). "Replication factor C interacts with the C-terminal side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (3): 1769–76. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.3.1769. PMID 8999859.
^ van der Kuip H, Carius B, Haque SJ, Williams BR, Huber C, Fischer T (April 1999). "The DNA-binding subunit p140 of replication factor C is upregulated in cycling cells and associates with G1 phase cell cycle regulatory proteins". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 77 (4): 386–92. doi:10.1007/s001090050365. PMID 10353443. S2CID 22183443.
^ Ohta S, Shiomi Y, Sugimoto K, Obuse C, Tsurimoto T (October 2002). "A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (43): 40362–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206194200. PMID 12171929.
^ Anderson LA, Perkins ND (January 2003). "Regulation of RelA (p65) function by the large subunit of replication factor C". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (2): 721–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.2.721-732.2003. PMC 151544. PMID 12509469.
^ Ellison V, Stillman B (March 1998). "Reconstitution of recombinant human replication factor C (RFC) and identification of an RFC subcomplex possessing DNA-dependent ATPase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (10): 5979–87. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.10.5979. PMID 9488738.
^ Uhlmann F, Cai J, Flores-Rozas H, Dean FB, Finkelstein J, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J (June 1996). "In vitro reconstitution of human replication factor C from its five subunits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (13): 6521–6. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.6521U. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6521. PMC 39056. PMID 8692848.
^ Tomida J, Masuda Y, Hiroaki H, Ishikawa T, Song I, Tsurimoto T, et al. (April 2008). "DNA damage-induced ubiquitylation of RFC2 subunit of replication factor C complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (14): 9071–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M709835200. PMC 2431014. PMID 18245774.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cortese A, Simone R, Sullivan R, Vandrovcova J, Tariq H, Yau WY, et al. (May 2019). "Author Correction: Biallelic expansion of an intronic repeat in RFC1 is a common cause of late-onset ataxia". Nature Genetics. 51 (5): 920. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0422-y. PMC 6730635. PMID 31028356.
^ Scriba CK, Beecroft SJ, Clayton JS, Cortese A, Sullivan R, Yau WY, Dominik N, Rodrigues M, Walker E, Dyer Z, Wu TY, Davis MR, Chandler DC, Weisburd B, Houlden H, Reilly MM, Laing NG, Lamont PJ, Roxburgh RH, Ravenscroft G (October 2020). "A novel RFC1 repeat motif (ACAGG) in two Asia-Pacific CANVAS families". Brain. 143 (10): 2904–10. doi:10.1093/brain/awaa263. PMC 7780484. PMID 33103729.
^ Tagliapietra M, Cardellini D, Ferrarini M, Testi S, Ferrari S, Monaco S, Cavallaro T, Fabrizi GM (April 2021). "RFC1 AAGGG repeat expansion masquerading as Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy". Journal of Neurology. 268 (11): 4280–4290. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10552-3. PMC 8505379. PMID 33884451.
^ Currò R, Salvalaggio A, Tozza S, Gemelli C, Dominik N, Galassi Deforie V, Magrinelli F, Castellani F, Vegezzi E, Businaro P, Callegari I, Pichiecchio A, Cosentino G, Alfonsi E, Marchioni E, Colnaghi S, Gana S, Valente EM, Tassorelli C, Efthymiou S, Facchini S, Carr A, Laura M, Rossor AM, Manji H, Lunn MP, Pegoraro E, Santoro L, Grandis M, Bellone E, Beauchamp NJ, Hadjivassiliou M, Kaski D, Bronstein AM, Houlden H, Reilly MM, Mandich P, Schenone A, Manganelli F, Briani C (June 2021). "RFC1 expansions are a common cause of idiopathic sensory neuropathy". Brain. 144 (5): 2904–10. doi:10.1093/brain/awab072. ISSN 0006-8950. PMC 8262986. PMID 33969391.
^ Traschütz A, Cortese A, Reich S, Dominik N, Faber J, Jacobi H, et al. (Group R study) (March 2021). "Natural History, Phenotypic Spectrum, and Discriminative Features of Multisystemic RFC1-disease". Neurology. 96 (9): e1369–e1382. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011528. PMC 8055326. PMID 33495376.
^ Sullivan R, Yau WY, Chelban V, Rossi S, O'Connor E, Wood NW, et al. (April 2020). "RFC1 Intronic Repeat Expansions Absent in Pathologically Confirmed Multiple Systems Atrophy". Movement Disorders. 35 (7): 1277–1279. doi:10.1002/mds.28074. PMID 32333430. S2CID 216129457.
^ Cortese A, Tozza S, Yau WY, Rossi S, Beecroft SJ, Jaunmuktane Z, et al. (February 2020). "Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome due to RFC1 repeat expansion". Brain. 143 (2): 480–490. doi:10.1093/brain/awz418. PMC 7009469. PMID 32040566.