Rathwali dialect

Language spoken in Utrarakhand in India
Rathwali
राठवाली
राठी
Native toIndia
RegionUttarakhand
Language family
Indo-European
  • Indo-Iranian
    • Indo-Aryan
      • North-Western or Northern
        • Central Pahari
          • Rathwali
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolograth1241

Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the Pauri district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwhali,[1] belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson) which itself has been classified as a dialect of Hindi. It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.

Grammar

Gender :

Rules for gender are same as Srinagaria.

Number :

Tadbhava masc. nouns which end with a in Hindi, in Rathwali end with o. However some exceptions exist.

Cases :

Cases[2]
Case
agent न, ल
accusative गणी
instrumental न, ल
dative गणी(to), खुणी(to) थां(to), कूं(for)
ablative गणी(from), मकोई(from), बटी(from)

उण्डे(out of), मांय-ल(among), से , ते

genitive को
locative मा(in, into), माँ(in, into), गणी(in), पार(on), तल(below)

Adjectives :

Follows same rules as Srinagaria, however the final a is changed into a.

Pronouns :

Personal[3]
sing. pul.
nom. mi, mi

tu,tu

ham, hamu

tum,tumu

ag, mi-la, mai-la

ti-la, twe- la

hamu-la, ham-na

tumu-la, tum-na

gen. mero, myoro tero, tyoro
obl. mai, mi , mi

tai, ti, twa

ham, hamu

tum, tumu

Demonstrative[4]
sing. pul.
nom. yo

wo

yo,yu

wo,wu

obl. yai

wai, we,wi

wo, wu

un, wun, u, wu

Relative[1]
sing. pul.
nom. jo, ju jo
obl. jai, je jau
Correlative[1]
sing. pul.
nom. so so
obl. tai, te tau

Reflexive Pronoun is aaphu

Conjugation :

Auxiliary Verbs & Verbs Substantive

Present[5]
sing. pul.
I am chhū, chhaū chhawā
thou art chhai,chhaī chhavu
he is chha, cha chhī
Past [6]
sing. pul.
was chhayō(masc)

chhayā(fem)

chhōyō(masc)

chhāyā

Comparative analysis

Words
Srinagaria Rathwali Translation
bal latula hair
baba te babu gani to a father/from a father
lokhar luho iron
nauno/nauni laudo/laudi boy/girl
hondo honnu being
janaani siani woman
ghar kudo house
khado ho thado ho stand up
door tada far
agadi/pichhadi aghin/pachhin after/before
Phrases
Srinagaria Rathwali Translation
mai marda mai mannu I beat
tu mardi tu marni thou beatest
wo mard wo marn he beats
ham maarda ham maarnu we beat
tum marda tum maarni you beat
wo mardin wo maani they beat
main maare mi la maara I beat(past)
tin maare ti la maara thou beatest

(past)

wain maare wa la maara he beat(past)
haman maare hamu la maara we beat (past)
tuman maare tumu la maara you beat(past)
un maare wunoon la maare they beat(past)
mai maarnu chhaun mi manu chhaun I am beating
mai marnu chhayo mi maarno chhoyo I was beating
main maaryun chhayo mai la maaryala I had beaten
main maaroon mi maaroon I may beat
main maarulo mi marulo I shall beat
tu marilo tu maril thou wilt beat
wo marlo wo marul he will beat
ham maarla ham maala we shall beat
tum marilya tum malya you will beat
wo maarla wo maala they will beat

Script & specimen

Sample of Rathi from Grierson's book

References

  1. ^ a b c Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 315.
  2. ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 312–313.
  3. ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 313–314.
  4. ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 314.
  5. ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. pp. 315–316.
  6. ^ Grierson, George Abraham (1916). Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. p. 316.
  • v
  • t
  • e
State of Uttarakhand
State capitals: legislative: Dehradun (winter); Bhararisain (summer); judicial: Nainital
Government
Symbols
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
History
Ancient
kingdoms
Medieval
kingdoms
Colonial
Uttarakhand
Company
rule
Crown
rule
Contemporary
Uttarakhand
Geography
and
ecology
Geological
features
Mountains
Plains
Ecoregions
Highlands
Lowlands
Demographics
Ethnic
groups
Indo-Aryans
Tibeto-Burmans
Scheduled Castes
and
Scheduled Tribes
Languages
Official
Spoken
Indo-Aryan
Tibeto-Burman
Administrative
divisions
Urban
Rural
Politics
Tourism
Monuments
Chardham
circuit
National
parks
Sports
Other
topics
Districts
Kumaon
Garhwal
Major
cities