Real income

Real income is the income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation. It is calculated by dividing nominal income by the price level. Real variables such as real income and real GDP are variables that are measured in physical units, while nominal variables such as nominal income and nominal GDP are measured in monetary units. Therefore, real income is a more useful indicator of well-being since it measures the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the income. Growth of real income is related to real gross national income per capita growth.

According to the classical dichotomy theory, real variables and nominal variables are separate in the long run, so they are not influenced by each other. In other words, if the nominal starting income was 100 and there was 10% inflation (general rise in prices, for example, what cost 10 now costs 11), then with nominal income of still 100, one can buy roughly 9% less; so if nominal income was not adjusted for inflation (did not rise by 10%), real income has dropped by approximately 9%.^[1] But if the classical dichotomy holds, nominal income will eventually go up by 10%, leaving real income unchanged from its original value.

The real gross national income (GNI) per capita in constant 2015 USD according to the World Bank is shown for last available year:^[2]

Country	GNI per capita (constant 2015 USD)	Year
Afghanistan	570.3	2015
Albania	4793.0	2021
Algeria	4643.4	2023
Angola	2106.8	2023
Antigua and Barbuda	15045.6	2015
Argentina	12337.2	2023
Armenia	5433.3	2023
Aruba	27222.6	2015
Australia	63230.5	2023
Austria	45302.9	2022
Azerbaijan	5324.6	2015
Bahamas	28016.7	2022
Bahrain	21884.6	2021
Bangladesh	1316.7	2015
Barbados	16274.7	2015
Belarus	6239.7	2023
Belgium	43210.4	2022
Belize	6162.4	2023
Benin	1292.2	2023
Bermuda	118137.1	2022
Bhutan	3176.2	2022
Bolivia	3041.0	2022
Bosnia and Herzegovina	6404.7	2023
Botswana	6438.3	2022
Brazil	8765.4	2023
Brunei Darussalam	28236.6	2022
Bulgaria	9425.2	2023
Burkina Faso	705.2	2021
Burundi	262.9	2023
Cabo Verde	3686.3	2023
Cambodia	1503.0	2023
Cameroon	1429.6	2023
Canada	45025.4	2023
Cayman Islands	45853.9	2015
Central African Republic	383.5	2022
Chad	589.4	2023
Chile	13488.3	2023
China	11489.3	2022
Colombia	6807.4	2023
Comoros	1376.9	2023
DR Congo	523.9	2023
Republic of the Congo	1608.3	2023
Costa Rica	12044.8	2022
Ivory Coast	2392.0	2023
Croatia	17249.7	2023
Cuba	7920.0	2019
Curaçao	19082.1	2015
Cyprus	27584.0	2023
Czech Republic	18837.8	2022
Denmark	64538.1	2022
Djibouti	3062.3	2023
Dominica	7408.5	2015
Dominican Republic	8491.5	2023
Ecuador	6031.3	2023
Egypt	3996.7	2023
El Salvador	4170.8	2023
Equatorial Guinea	4722.6	2019
Estonia	21491.4	2022
Eswatini	4350.9	2022
Ethiopia	888.0	2023
Faroe Islands	54153.8	2015
Fiji	4795.1	2015
Finland	45739.1	2023
France	38963.8	2022
Gabon	5345.7	2022
The Gambia	698.3	2023
Georgia	5679.4	2023
Germany	44177.8	2023
Ghana	2007.2	2022
Greece	19430.7	2022
Grenada	7401.3	2015
Guatemala	4516.4	2023
Guinea	906.3	2023
Guinea-Bissau	762.2	2023
Guyana	5701.1	2015
Haiti	1210.2	2023
Honduras	2374.1	2023
Hong Kong	47707.5	2023
Hungary	14818.5	2022
Iceland	52857.6	2015
India	2206.7	2023
Indonesia	4132.1	2023
Iran	5199.6	2022
Iraq	4092.1	2021
Ireland	66662.1	2022
Isle of Man	77330.1	2021
Israel	43655.2	2022
Italy	33616.7	2023
Jamaica	5156.3	2019
Japan	37124.4	2022
Jordan	4018.6	2015
Kazakhstan	9672.0	2022
Kenya	1726.9	2022
Kiribati	3193.3	2015
South Korea	32740.4	2023
Kosovo	4945.2	2023
Kuwait	30252.0	2019
Kyrgyzstan	1141.2	2022
Laos	2138.3	2016
Latvia	17511.0	2022
Lebanon	6117.2	2023
Lesotho	1128.6	2022
Liberia	639.0	2015
Libya	10231.6	2022
Liechtenstein	138201.3	2015
Lithuania	16201.6	2022
Luxembourg	74240.0	2022
Macau	38187.6	2022
Madagascar	452.6	2023
Malawi	531.3	2015
Malaysia	11379.4	2023
Maldives	8717.2	2015
Mali	726.1	2023
Malta	28348.5	2023
Marshall Islands	6062.3	2022
Mauritania	1624.0	2023
Mauritius	11580.4	2023
Mexico	10069.9	2023
Micronesia	3433.6	2015
Moldova	3733.7	2023
Mongolia	3916.4	2023
Montenegro	8460.4	2023
Morocco	3321.1	2023
Mozambique	539.3	2022
Myanmar	1116.8	2015
Namibia	4272.0	2023
Nauru	10421.3	2015
Nepal	1105.5	2023
Netherlands	49500.6	2022
New Caledonia	34264.0	2015
New Zealand	41844.4	2022
Nicaragua	2074.8	2023
Niger	544.9	2019
Nigeria	2610.5	2015
North Macedonia	5986.8	2023
Norway	105006.0	2022
Oman	17081.0	2021
Pakistan	1634.0	2023
Palau	12066.8	2022
Panama	12797.5	2015
Papua New Guinea	2335.3	2015
Paraguay	6205.8	2023
Peru	6110.9	2023
Philippines	4051.0	2023
Poland	16544.3	2023
Portugal	22160.6	2023
Puerto Rico	20965.6	2023
Qatar	65508.3	2015
Romania	12014.7	2023
Russia	9995.9	2023
Rwanda	975.2	2023
Samoa	3776.6	2023
São Tomé and Príncipe	1309.1	2015
Saudi Arabia	21094.7	2015
Senegal	1423.5	2023
Serbia	7288.1	2023
Seychelles	16471.2	2023
Sierra Leone	609.9	2021
Singapore	51848.7	2015
Sint Maarten	35448.7	2015
Slovakia	17497.9	2023
Slovenia	23982.8	2022
Solomon Islands	2094.5	2022
Somalia	505.4	2015
South Africa	6080.6	2023
South Sudan	940.0	2015
Spain	27189.4	2022
Sri Lanka	3843.7	2023
Saint Kitts and Nevis	18711.5	2015
Saint Lucia	9437.5	2015
St. Vincent and Grenadines	7201.9	2015
Sudan	1324.7	2015
Suriname	8884.7	2015
Sweden	57925.9	2022
Switzerland	86537.2	2022
Syria	825.1	2015
Tajikistan	1677.2	2022
Tanzania	1039.4	2022
Thailand	5414.3	2015
East Timor	1647.0	2022
Togo	925.5	2023
Tonga	4761.1	2021
Trinidad and Tobago	18344.7	2015
Tunisia	3802.1	2023
Turkey	10926.2	2015
Turkmenistan	5845.1	2015
Turks and Caicos Islands	24059.1	2015
Tuvalu	5238.7	2015
Uganda	935.9	2023
Ukraine	2288.3	2023
United Arab Emirates	41081.9	2020
United Kingdom	41316.4	2020
United States of America	65103.0	2022
Uruguay	16800.7	2023
Uzbekistan	2799.6	2015
Vanuatu	2950.0	2022
Vietnam	3473.0	2022
Palestine	3739.6	2022
Yemen	1453.1	2015
Zambia	1282.6	2015
Zimbabwe	1311.6	2022

• National average salary
• Disposable household and per capita income
• Median income
• Net national income
• Income distribution
• List of countries by income equality