Superficial X-rays
Superficial X-rays | |
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ICD-9 | 92.21 |
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Superficial X-rays are low-energy X-rays that do not penetrate very far before they are absorbed. They are produced by X-ray tubes operating at voltages in the 10–100 kV range, and therefore have peak energies in the 10–100 keV range.[1] The Maximar-100 was a widely-adopted superficial radiation therapy unit.
Precise naming and definitions of energy ranges may vary, and X-rays at the lower end of this range may also be known as Grenz rays.[2] They are useful in radiation therapy for the treatment of various benign or malignant skin problems, including skin cancer and severe eczema.[3][4] They have a useful depth of up to 5 mm.[2][5] In some locations, orthovoltage treatment is being replaced by electron therapy or brachytherapy.[6]
As well as teletherapy, X-rays in this energy range (and the low orthovoltage range) are used for imaging patients, to analyse materials and objects in industrial radiography and for crystallography.
References
- ^ Podgorsak, E. B. (2005). "Treatment Machines for External Beam Radiotherapy". Radiation oncology physics: a handbook for teachers and students. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 125. ISBN 92-0-107304-6.
- ^ a b Chang, David S.; Lasley, Foster D.; Das, Indra J.; Mendonca, Marc S.; Dynlacht, Joseph R. (2014). Basic Radiotherapy Physics and Biology. New York: Springer. p. 27. ISBN 9783319068411.
- ^ Hill, Robin; Healy, Brendan; Holloway, Lois; Kuncic, Zdenka; Thwaites, David; Baldock, Clive (21 March 2014). "Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (6): R183–R231. Bibcode:2014PMB....59R.183H. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183. PMID 24584183.
- ^ Alikhan, Ali; Maibach, Howard; Lachapelle, Jean-Marie (2013). "Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hand Eczema". Textbook of Hand Eczema. Berlin: Springer Berlin. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39546-8_33. ISBN 978-3-642-39545-1.
- ^ Zaidi, Zohra; Walton, Shernaz (2013). A Manual of Dermatology. New Delhi: JP Brothers Medical. p. 872. ISBN 9789350904589.
- ^ Palmer, Antony L; Pearson, Michael; Whittard, Paul; McHugh, Katie E; Eaton, David J (December 2016). "Current status of kilovoltage (kV) radiotherapy in the UK: installed equipment, clinical workload, physics quality control and radiation dosimetry". The British Journal of Radiology. 89 (1068): 20160641. doi:10.1259/bjr.20160641. PMC 5604929. PMID 27730839.
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therapies
Teletherapy1 |
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Brachytherapy2 |
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Unsealed source radiotherapy3 |
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Other |
- Radiation burn
- Radiation proctitis
- Radiation-induced lung injury
- Bystander effect
- Abscopal effect
equipment
- BEAMnrc
- Bolus
- Bragg peak
- D50
- Dose profile
- Dose verification system
- Dose-volume histogram
- Dosimetry
- Isocenter
- Mobetron
- Monitor unit
- Multileaf collimator
- Nanoimpellers
- Neutron generator
- Oxygen enhancement ratio
- Pencil
- Pencil-beam scanning
- Percentage depth dose curve
- Radiation oncologist
- Radiation Therapist
- Radiation treatment planning
- Radiopharmacology
- Tissue to Air Ratio (TAR)
- 1 Also known as external-beam radiotherapy.
- 2 Also known as sealed-source radiation therapy.
- 3 Also known as systemic radioisotope therapy.
External links
- Xstra Learning Portal
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