Takushiro Hattori
Takushiro Hattori | |
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Born | January 2, 1901 Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan |
Died | April 30, 1960 |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() |
Years of service | 1922–1945 |
Rank | ![]() |
Battles/wars |
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Takushiro Hattori (服部 卓四郎, Hattori Takushirō, January 2, 1901 – April 30, 1960) was an Imperial Japanese Army officer and government official. During World War II, he alternately served as the chief of the Army General Staff's Operations Section and Secretary to Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. After the war ended, he served as an adviser on military matters to the postwar Japanese government.
Early life
Takushiro Hattori was born on January 2, 1901, in Tsuruoka, a city in the Japanese prefecture of Yamagata. Upon completing his education at the Imperial Military Academy in 1922,[1] he enrolled in the Japanese Army War College from which he graduated in 1930. In 1935, he traveled to Africa, where he acted as the Japanese military's observer during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.[2][3] After returning to Japan, he joined the Army General Staff Office and was placed in charge of mobilization.[4]
By the late 1930s, Hattori was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and became head of the Kwantung Army's Operations Section. In that capacity, he served as one of the driving forces behind the events that triggered the unsuccessful Battle of Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union.
World War II
Upon his promotion to colonel and chief of the operations section of the Army General Staff in 1941, Hattori played a key role in planning the Japanese conquest of Western territories during the early years of the Pacific War. In December 1942, he briefly resigned from that position and became Secretary to the Minister of the Army, Tojo, who was at the same time the Prime Minister.[5] In October 1943, Hattori returned to the Army General Staff to reassume his prior position as chief of operations and planned the Operation Ichigo. He subsequently remained in this position until a conflict with the Army's Military Affairs Bureau resulted in his transfer to a regimental command in China.[6]
Later life
In occupied Japan after the war, Hattori was associated with the G2 Division, which was responsible for demobilization and for writing the war history of Douglas MacArthur under Major General Charles A. Willoughby.[7]
After the foundation of the National Police Reserve, the first postwar military institution in Japan, Hattori became the leading former officer of the so-called "Hattori Group," which attempted to become the general staff of the new force. Hattori was never commissioned into the force or its successor, the Japan Self-Defense Force, but some of his associates, such as Colonel Kumao Imoto, served in it.[8]
In 1953, he wrote Dai Toa Senso Zenshi (大東亜戦争全史, The Complete History of the Great East Asia War), a large-scale military history of the Pacific War.[9]
Alleged coup attempt
In the years after the war, his name was mentioned in CIA documents as a plotter in a 1952 plan to kill Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida.[10] His planned assassination attempt was to precede a National Safety Agency coup in which former military officers, many of whom had been removed in the postwar purge, would seize control of the government.[11] The group, which included Masanobu Tsuji, would then install Ichiro Hatoyama or Ogata Taketora as prime minister.[12] The coup allegedly had support from Charles Willoughby, who was the head of the G-2.[12] Tsuji convinced Hattori to abort the alleged coup attempt because Yoshida belonged to the conservative Liberal Party, which was then definitively disavowed as the result of a withdrawal of US financial support.[12][11]
References
- Maeda, Tetsuo: The Hidden Army: The Untold Story of Japan's Military Forces, Edition Q, 1995
Footnotes
- ^ "Report No. ZJJ-84: HATTORI Takushiro" (PDF). www.cia.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. 18 April 1952. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ Ibid.
- ^ Welfield, John (2012) [1st pub. 1988]. An Empire in Eclipse: Japan in the Post-war American Alliance System. Bloomsbury Publishing plc. p. 68. ISBN 9781780933191.
- ^ "Report No. ZJJ-72: HATTORI Takushiro and the HATTORI Organisation, Attachment C" (PDF). www.cia.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. 11 April 1952. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "HATTORI Takushiro", p. 1
- ^ Ibid. at 2
- ^ Maeda 1995, p. 29
- ^ Maeda 1995, p. 34
- ^ English edition on Google Books
- ^ "CIA files reveal militarist plot to kill Yoshida in '52". The Japan Times. February 28, 2007.
- ^ a b "CIA papers reveal 1950s Japan coup plot - Boston.com". archive.boston.com. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
- ^ a b c Researching Japanese War Crimes Records (PDF), National Archives and Records Administration for the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group, 2006, pp. 211, 212, 213, 214
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