Texas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
53°28′56″N 2°05′18″W / 53.4823°N 2.0882°W / 53.4823; -2.0882
vertical three cylinder compound engine (1921)
1500 (1921)
then 35,000 mule spindles (1948)
Texas Mill was a cotton spinning mill in the Whitelands district of Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, in England. It was built between 1905 and 1907 for the Ashton Syndicate by Sydney Stott of Oldham. It was destroyed in a massive fire on 22–23 October 1971. It had been re-equipped as a ring mill for spinning artificial fibres when it was destroyed.[1]
Location
Texas mill was built next to Minerva Mill in Whitelands, in a meander of the River Tame.
History
The Minerva Spinning Company Limited was registered in 1891 to build the Minerva Mill at Whitelands. The directors were Messrs Barlow, Marland, Coop, Newton, Pollitt and Pownall; they were later referred to as the Ashton syndicate. The syndicate then built Rock Mill, Atlas Mill, Curzon Mill, Tudor Mill, Cedar Mill and finally the Texas Mill. The syndicate registered the Texas Mill Co. Ltd, with a capital of GBP70,000 to build this, their seventh mill.
The cotton industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The great war of 1914–1918 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets.
On 7 January 1921 all the syndicate's mills went into voluntary liquidation and were passed to the Atlas Mills Ltd. group .[2] They were struggling. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry. Atlas Mills Limited was taken over by the LCC in 1929. Thus, Texas Mill was one of 104 mills brought into LCC ownership, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950. It had been converted to rings and it produced 20 to 40 count high class combed and carded hosiery yarns. Later it converted to artificial fibres. Still spinning, was destroyed by fire 22–23 October 1971.[3]
The Texas Mill fire was one of the largest fires in the North West. Lancashire County Fire Service initially responded, but soon requested assistance from neighbouring brigades such was the size of the incident. Firefighters fought the blaze using about 40 pumps plus specials and relief appliances. Sadly, whilst engaged in firefighting duties, Manchester Fire Brigade Fireman Norman Nolan of Blackley Fire Station died when a wall collapsed on him whilst he was working on an escape. Alongside him was Sub Officer Bill Partington of Mossley Fire Station, who survived although badly injured.[4]
The site was cleared and became a bus depot, and when that closed it became a factory.
Architecture
This was a 30 bay mill designed by Sydney Stott, it had his trademark double rings on its chimney. It was four storeys high built on a basement from engineering brick. It had a Hotel-de-Ville style water tower.
The large windows were in groups of three, and there was yellow brick decoration. The six bay engine house, boiler house and chimney were to the north.[5]
Power
The 1907 steam engine was by George Saxon & Co, of Openshaw. It was built as a triple expansion at 1200 hp. It was altered in 1921 and became a 1500 hp vertical three cylinder compound engine. The later engine had a 28" diameter high pressure (HP) in the centre, with a 33" IP and 51"LP cylinder. It had a 4 ft stroke and ran at 78rpm. The boiler operated at 170psi. The 22 ft flywheel was mounted at end of shaft, driving 28 ropes. There were Corliss valves on all cylinders. Air pumps were driven from LP and IP crossheads.
In 1921 a new 51"LP cylinder was built, the old 21"HP removed and the IP was used for HP.[6]
Equipment
The mule frames were provided by Hetherington and Sons Ltd. There were 76,896 mule spindles spinning medium counts of yarn from American cotton. By 1948, the mill had been re-equipped with 35,000 ring spindles.[3]
Usage
Texas Mill was used for spinning medium counts of American cotton. In 1951 it was spinning high-class combed and carded hosiery yarns from 20's to 40's count.[7] In 1971 it was spinning artificial fibres.[3]
Owners
- The Ashton syndicate
- Atlas Mills
- Lancashire Cotton Corporation
- Courtauld's Northern Textiles
See also
- Textile manufacturing
- Stott
References
- ^ "Cotton Mills of Ashton — Archive Photographs". Retrieved 9 January 2009.
- ^ London Gazette 7th Dec 1920
- ^ a b c Haynes 1987, p. 53
- ^ Fire Brigade tribute site with photographs
- ^ Ashmore 1982, p. 77
- ^ Roberts 1921
- ^ The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. Blackfriars House Manchester: Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. 1951.
Bibliography
- The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. Blackfriars House Manchester: Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. 1951.
- Ashmore, Owen (1982). The industrial archaeology of North-west England. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0820-4.
- Ashton. "Cotton Mills of Ashton — Archive Photographs". Retrieved 9 January 2009.
- Haynes, Ian (1987). Cotton in Ashton. Libraries and Arts Committee, Tameside Metropolitan Borough. ISBN 0-904506-14-2.
- Roberts, A S (1921). "Arthur Robert's Engine List". Arthur Roberts Black Book. One guy from Barlick-Book Transcription. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
External links
- www.cottontown.org
- www.spinningtheweb.org.uk Archived 28 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- v
- t
- e
- David Bellhouse
- Bradshaw Gass & Hope
- F.W. Dixon & Son
- Edward Potts
- Stott
- Stott and Sons
- Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/80px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg)
- Daniel Adamson
- Ashton Frost
- Ashworth & Parker
- Bateman & Sherratt
- Boulton & Watt
- Browett, Lindley & Co
- Buckley & Taylor
- Carels Frères
- Clayton, Goodfellow & Co
- Earnshaw & Holt
- Fairbairn
- W & J Galloway & Sons
- Benjamin Goodfellow
- B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co
- John Musgrave & Sons
- J & W McNaught
- Petrie of Rochdale
- William Roberts & Co of Nelson
- George Saxon
- Scott & Hodgson
- Urmson & Thompson
- Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn
- Willans & Robinson
- J & E Wood
- Woolstenhulmes & Rye
- Brooks & Doxey
- Butterworth & Dickinson
- Curtis, Parr & Walton
- Dobson & Barlow
- John Hetherington & Sons
- Joseph Hibbert
- John Pilling and Sons
- Harling & Todd
- Howard & Bullough
- Geo. Hattersley
- Asa Lees
- Mather & Platt
- Parr, Curtis & Madely
- British Northrop Loom Co
- Pemberton & Co
- Platt Brothers
- Taylor, Lang & Co
- Textile Machinery Makers
- Tweedales & Smalley
- T. Wildman & Sons
- Elkanah Armitage
- Henry Ashworth
- Hugh Birley
- Hugh Hornby Birley
- Joseph Brotherton
- James Burton
- Peter Drinkwater
- Nathaniel Eckersley
- John Fielden
- William Gray
- Hannah Greg
- Samuel Greg
- Richard Howarth
- William Houldsworth
- John Kennedy
- George Augustus Lee
- Charles Macintosh
- Hugh Mason
- Samuel Oldknow
- Robert Peel
- John Rylands
- Thomas Whitehead and Brothers
- Oldham Limiteds
- Fine Spinners and Doublers
- Lancashire Cotton Corporation
- Bagley & Wright
- Combined Egyptian Mills
- Courtaulds
- James Burton & Sons
- Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust
- Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
- Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners
- Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association
- Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union
- Amalgamated Weavers' Association
- Cardroom Amalgamation
- General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association
- General Union of Loom Overlookers
- Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society
- North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association
- Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation
- The Textile Institute
- United Textile Factory Workers' Association
- Richard Arkwright
- Samuel Crompton
- Peter Foxcroft
- James Hargreaves
- Thomas Highs
- John Kay (flying shuttle)
- John Kay (spinning frame)
- Robert Owen