Ulmus 'Wanoux'
Ulmus 'Wanoux' | |
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![]() VADA, aged 8 years, Great Fontley, UK | |
Genus | Ulmus |
Hybrid parentage | 'Plantyn' o.p. |
Cultivar | 'Wanoux' = Vada |
Origin | Netherlands |
Ulmus 'Wanoux' (selling name Vada) is a Dutch hybrid cultivar raised at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen, from an open pollination of 'Plantyn'. Originally identified as clone No. 762, it was selected for assessment by the French Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), which patented it as 'Wanoux' (Vada) in 2006.
Vada was introduced to the UK by the Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, Butterfly Conservation, in 2008, as part of its assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak.[1][2]
Unlicenced propagation of Vada is prohibited in Europe inc. the UK under Certificat d'Obtention Végétale (COV) EU 24403 until its expiry on 31 December 2039.
Description
Vada is a narrow tree primarily intended for street planting. The glossy, dark-green leaves, < 11 cm long by 8 cm wide, are coarsely toothed and have conspicuous venation.[3] The samarae are sub-orbicular, almost cordate, typically 15 mm long by 13 mm wide, the seed slightly nearer the shallow notch. Towards the end of the season, the leaves suffer from various afflictions and can appear shabby. Leafing is late, but not quite as late as its stablemate Lutèce. Many minor buds fail to burst, so that young plants are rather sparsely furnished; in combination with the tree's limited lateral development, this can lead to a skeletal appearance.[4] The tree readily suckers from the roots, notably on chalk.[2]
- VADA leaves
- VADA samarae
Pests and diseases
Tests in France by INRA found the tree to be 'highly resistant' to Dutch elm disease, exhibiting the lowest wilting percentage of all the clones trialled, making it comparable with 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'[5] However, the presence of U. wallichiana in the ancestry of Vada poses the risk of susceptibility to elm yellows (phloem necrosis), which seriously damaged its Dutch stablemate 'Lobel' used as a control in the Italian elm breeding programme.[6] The clone has also proven susceptible to Coral spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina in the Netherlands.[7]
In trials in southern England, the leaves were found to remain completely free of Black Spot.[1]
Cultivation
Vada has moderate vigour, attaining a height of 14 m at 20 years of age in France.[3] The tree is reputedly easily propagated from cuttings. Vada was introduced to North America in 2010, with the supply of two small specimens to the USDA, Washington, D.C., released from quarantine in 2013. Vada is reported "the most successful so far" (2021) of a 2014 trial planting of elms at Lees Court, Kent.[8] Among urban introductions in the UK are three specimens, planted in 2014, towards the east end of Broad Walk, Christ Church Meadow, Oxford,[8][9] and four in Inverleith Park, Edinburgh, planted c.2012. 300 VADA were planted circa 2019 in the Parc de Sceaux, southern Paris, and early in 2021 92 were planted in the jardin des Tuileries.[10] Vada is not known to have been introduced to Australasia.
- 'Wanoux' lines, IJburg, Amsterdam, 2014
- 'Wanoux' avenue in the Parc de Sceaux, 2019
- 'Wanoux' in the Tuileries, 2022
- 'Wanoux' avenue in the Tuileries, 2022
Notable trees
Former French prime minister Lionel Jospin insisted on planting an elm, the tree of the Left when, in keeping with tradition, he was obliged to plant a tree in the garden of the Hôtel Matignon, his official residence in Paris, in 1998. He chose Vada, then still known only by its Dutch trial identity of '762'. The Left, however, does not have a monopoly on elms. 'The Queen's Elm' planted on the main lawn of Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, near the ruined Holyrood Abbey to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II (2012), is also an Ulmus Vada.[11]
- Orme de Lionel Jospin, Hôtel Matignon (2015)
- 'The Queen's Elm', Holyrood Palace (2016)
Etymology
The registered cultivar name 'Wanoux' is a contraction of Wageningen and Champenoux, the locations of the Dutch and French research stations. The selling name VADA is the ancient Roman name for the Dutch town of Wageningen, where the clone was raised.
Accessions
Europe
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 693.
- Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, UK. Butterfly Conservation Elm Trials plantation, Home Field: one small sapling planted 2008.
- Longstock Park Arboretum, Longstock, Stockbridge, Hampshire, UK. One small sapling planted 2010.
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. Acc. no. 20090115.
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, UK. Acc. no. 2008.0639.
- Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection, used for elm lane 's-Gravelansevaartweg, Loosdrecht
North America
- United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. 2 small trees.
Nurseries
- F P Matthews 'Trees for Life' , Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, UK. Bare-root whips.
- Van Den Berk (UK) Ltd., London, UK. Standards.
References
- ^ a b Butterfly Conservation (2023). Disease-resistant elm cultivars [1], Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, England.
- ^ a b Brookes, A. H. (2021). Great Fontley Elm Trial, 2021 Report Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, UK.
- ^ a b Pinon, J. (July 2007). "Les ormes résistants à la graphiose" [Elms resistant to Dutch Elm Disease] (PDF). Forêt-entreprise (175). Paris, France: IDF: 37–41. ISSN 0752-5974. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Herling, D. Resistant Elms
- ^ Pinon, J., Lohou, C. & Cadic, A. (1998). Hybrid Elms (Ulmus Spp.): Adaptability in Paris and behaviour towards Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma novo-ulmi). Acta Horticulturae 496, 107–114, 1998.
- ^ Mittempergher, L., (2000). Elm Yellows in Europe. In: The Elms, Conservation and Disease Management. 103–119. Dunn C.P., ed. Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, Boston, USA.
- ^ Nijboer, R. (2016). Return of the Elm. 2016 International Elm Conference, Lees Court, Kent, England.
- ^ a b Tim Richardson, 'Can we resurrect the English elm?', The Daily Telegraph, 6 March 2021
- ^ 'A brief guide to Christ Church Meadow', p.9; chch.ox.ac.uk
- ^ [2]
- ^ 'Survey of the elms of Holyrood Palace', Dr Max Coleman, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 22/07/2016 (updated 11/08/16)
- v
- t
- e
- U. alata (Winged elm)
- U. americana (American elm)
- U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
- U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
- U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
- U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
- U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
- U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
- U. changii var. changii
- U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
- U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
- U. chumlia
- U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
- U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
- U. davidiana var. davidiana
- U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
- U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
- U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
- U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
- U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
- U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
- U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
- U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
- U. ismaelis
- U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
- U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
- U. laevis (European white elm)
- U. laevis var. celtidea
- U. laevis var. parvifolia
- U. laevis var. simplicidens
- U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
- U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
- U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
- U. macrocarpa var. glabra
- U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
- U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
- U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
- U. minor (Field elm)
- U. minor subsp. minor
- U. minor var. italica
- U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
- U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
- U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
- U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
- U. pumila (Siberian elm)
- U. rubra (Slippery elm)
- U. serotina (September elm)
- U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
- U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
- U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
- U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
- U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
- U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
- U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
- U. wallichiana var. tomentosa
- U. boissieri
- U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
- U. elliptica
- U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
- U. × arbuscula
- U. × arkansana
- U. × brandisiana
- U. × diversifolia
- U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
- U. × hollandica var. insularum
- U. × intermedia
- U. × mesocarpa
- aff. Plotii
- Acutifolia
- Alata
- Alksuth
- Argenteo-Marginata
- Aspera
- Atropurpurea
- Australis
- Berardii
- Betulaefolia Nigrescens
- Crispa
- Crispa Aurea
- Crispa Pendula
- Densa
- Exoniensis
- Fastigiata Glabra
- Folia Aurea
- Folia Rubra
- Folia Variegata Pendula
- Gallica
- Glabra
- Globosa
- Hamburg
- Hertfordensis Angustifolia
- Hertfordensis Latifolia
- Hillieri
- Jalaica
- Jacqueline Hillier
- Kansas Hybrid
- Klemmer Blanc
- Koopmannii
- Lombartsii
- Louis van Houtte
- Marmorata
- Monstrosa
- Myrtifolia
- Myrtifolia Purpurea
- Nemoralis
- Nigrescens
- Planeroides
- Planifolia
- Purpurea
- Pyramidalis Bertini
- Ramulosa
- Rotundifolia
- Rubra
- Rufa
- Rugosa
- Scampstoniensis
- Sericea
- Tiliaefolia
- Tortuosa
- Turkestanica
- Variegata Nova
- Virens
- U. okanaganensis