Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts
Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts | |||||||
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Part of Kazakh rebellions | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Kazakh rebels | ![]() | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Bergen Kospanov Seil Turkebaev Kuspai Aibasov Mambetali Kanaly Aryslanuli | ![]() | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3,000[1] | ![]() ![]() | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
500 captured | Unknown |
- v
- t
- e
- Russian conquest of Kokand
- Itchan Kala [ru]
- Khujand [ru]
- Uzynagash [ru]
- 1st Kokand [ru]
- 2nd Kokand [ru]
- Saroikan [ru]
- Tashkent [ru]
- Russian conquest of Khiva
- 1st Khiva [ru]
- 2nd Khiva
- 3rd Khiva
- 1st Geok Tepe
- 2nd Geok Tepe
- Sarybulak [ru]
- Istaravshan [ru]
- Irjar [ru]
- Jizzakh [ru]
- Samarkand
- Zerabulak
- Kitab [ru]
- Other
- Datuly's rebellion [ru]
- Kenesary's Rebellion
- Akmolinsk
- Aktau [ru]
- Punitive campaigns [ru]
- Lake Balkhash [ru]
- Taymanuly's rebellion [ru]
- Khan Ordasy [ru]
- Tastobe [ru]
- Aqbulaq River [ru]
- Orenburg [ru]
- Ural and Turgai
- Panjdeh
- Adaev uprising [ru]
- Marv [ru]
- Andijan
Uprising in the Ural and Turgai Oblasts — anti-colonial uprising on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The uprising was led by large Kazakh ancestors.
Uprising
The reason for the uprising was the dissatisfaction of the local population with the “temporary regulation” on the management of the Steppe regions, which suggested an increase in taxation, the restriction of the rights of the Muslim clergy and local nobility (Sultans) and fundamental changes in the socio-spiritual sphere of society.[2]
In October 1868, the Kazakhs of the Ural region refused to submit to the tsarist administration, pay taxes, and did not allow commissions to carry out reforms into the villages. The rebel detachments concentrated in the area of Lake Chelkar, the Taipak, Ulenti, Shiderty and Ankaty tracts. From December 1868 to October 1869, attacks on the line, burning of farmsteads and stealing livestock from rich Kazakhs continued.[3]
On March 27, 1869, the Orenburg Governor-General was informed that local tribes had elected their leaders - Bergen Kospanov, Seil Turkebaev, Kuspay Aibasov, Mambetali and Kanali Aryslanuly - to lead independent power in the regions. The Christianization of the region encouraged the Kazakhs to join the uprising. During the uprising on the territory of modern Kazakhstan in the last quarter of the 19th century, “national-religious” and “Western” directions of development of Kazakh society were formed.[4]
The rebellion covered a significant area from the Emba River to the north and south. In particular, Russian merchants and local feudal lords were attacked. Between March and June, 41 raids were carried out on the estates of Biys, Sultans and local elders. Trade of the Orenburg province with Bukhara, Turkistan and the Steppe was also interrupted.[5]
To suppress the uprising, hundreds of Cossacks with artillery from the Kalmykov fortress and Uralsk were sent to the Steppe with the ataman and the military governor of the region, General Verevkin. By order of the Minister of War, at the end of June, a punitive expedition consisting of 28 hundred Cossacks, 4 companies of infantry with 6 guns set out into the steppe. The entire Orenburg line was put on alert. At the confluence of the Steppe river Kargaly into Ilek, the construction of a new fortification of Aktobe began. The rebel Kazakh villages concentrated in the area of the Emba, Khobda, Uil and Kiil Rivers, expecting help from the Khiva Khan, but it never came.[6] In July in 1869, a decisive clash took place in the Zhaman-say tract on the Uil River, the rebels were defeated. More than 500 participants in the uprising were sentenced to death or hard labor, and a huge indemnity was imposed on the Kazakhs to compensate for losses to the Cossacks and settlers.[3]
See also
- Adayev uprising (1870)
References
- ^ Национально-освободительная борьба казахского народа против колониальной системы
- ^ Калиева 2022, p. 220. sfn error: no target: CITEREFКалиева2022 (help)
- ^ a b Абдиров М. Ж. (2000). "Уральское (яицкое) казачество-"бронированный кулак" самодержавия в военной колонизации казахских земель и подавлении народных восстаний". Завоевание Казахстана Царской Россией. Астана: Елорда. ISBN 9965060428.
- ^ Калиева 2022, p. 221―222. sfn error: no target: CITEREFКалиева2022 (help)
- ^ Турсунова 1977, p. 64―70. sfn error: no target: CITEREFТурсунова1977 (help)
- ^ Абдиров М. Ж. (2000). "Оренбургские казаки в борьбе с национально-освободительным движением казахского народа". Завоевание Казахстана Царской Россией. Астана: Елорда. ISBN 9965060428.
Further reading
- Калиева Е. Т. "Султаны Т. Сейдалин и Ш. Букеев: два разных взгляда на восстание 1869 года" (журнал) (in Russian). 1 (72) (Вестник «Исторические и социально-политические науки» ed.): 216―224.
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(help) - Фризен Д. Я. "Хозяйство казахов Уральской и Тургайской областей во второй половине XIX в." (журнал) (in Russian). 7 (4) (Вестник Омского университета ed.): 151–156. doi:10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(4).151-156.
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(help) - Турсунова М. С. [in Russian] (1977). Казахи Мангышлака во второй половине XIX века. Алма-Ата: Наука Казахской ССР.
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