Daftar penguasa Mongol
Berikut ini adalah daftar penguasa Mongol.
Daftar negara ini bersifat kronologis tetapi mengikuti perkembangan dinasti yang berbeda.
Kekaisaran Mongol (1206–1368)
Khan Agung dan Dinasti Yuan
Sebelum Kubilai Khan mengumumkan nama dinasti "Yuan Agung" pada tahun 1271, Khagan (Khan Agung) dari Kekaisaran Mongol (Ikh Mongol Uls) telah mulai menggunakan gelar Tionghoa Kaisar (Hanzi: 皇帝; Pinyin: Huángdì) praktis dalam bahasa Tionghoa sejak Genghis Khan (sebagai 成吉思皇帝; 'Kaisar Genghis').
Dengan berdirinya Dinasti Yuan pada tahun 1271, para Kublai menjadi kaisar Yuan, yang memiliki identitas ganda, yaitu Khagan untuk bangsa Mongol dan Huangdi untuk etnis Han.
Penguasa | Memerintah | Informasi |
---|---|---|
Genghis Khan | 1206 - 1227 | Khan pertama Kekaisaran Mongol. |
Tolui Khan | 1227 - 1229 | Wali penguasa Kekaisaran Mongol sampai saudaranya, Ögedei menjadi Khan. |
Ögedei Khan | 13 September 1229 - 11 Desember 1241 | Khan kedua Kekaisaran Mongol. |
Töregene Khatun | 1242 - 1246 | Wali penguasa Kekaisaran Mongol hingga terpilihnya putranya, Güyük Khan. |
Güyük Khan | 24 Agustus 1246 - 20 April 1248 | Khan ketiga Kekaisaran Mongol. |
Oghul Qaimish | 1248 - 1251 | Wali penguasa Kekaisaran Mongol hingga kematiannya pada tahun 1251. |
Möngke Khan | 1 Juli 1251 - 11 Agustus 1259 | Khan keempat Kekaisaran Mogol. |
Ariq Böke | 11 Agustus 1259 - 12 Agustus 1264 | Meraih gelar Khan Agung dan bertempur melawan Kublai dalam Perang Saudara Toluid. |
Kublai Khan | 18 Desember 1271 - 18 Februari 1294 | Kaisar pertama Dinasti Yuan. |
Temür Khan | 10 Mei 1294 - 10 Februari 1307 | Kaisar kedua Dinasti Yuan. |
Külüg Khan | 21 Juni 1307 - 27 Januari 1311 | Kaisar ketiga Dinasti Yuan. |
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan | 7 April 1311 - 1 Maret 1320 | Kaisar keempat Dinasti Yuan. |
Gegeen Khan | 19 April 1320 - 4 September 1323 | Kaisar kelima Dinasti Yuan. |
Yesun Temur Khan | 4 Oktober 1323 - 15 Agustus 1328 | Kaisar keenam Dinasti Yuan. |
Ragibagh Khan | Oktober 1328 - 14 November 1328 | Kaisar ketujuh Dinasti Yuan. |
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür | 16 Oktober 1328 - 26 Februari 1329.[1] (pemerintahan pertama) 8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332 (pemerintahan kedua) | Kaisar Kedelapan Dinasti Yuan |
Khutughtu Khan Kusala | 27 Februari 1329 - 30 Agustus 1329 | Kaisar kesembilan dari Dinasti Yuan. Merebut takhta dari Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. |
Rinchinbal Khan | 23 Oktober 1332 – 14 Desember 1332 | Kaisar kesepuluh Dinasti Yuan. |
Toghon Temür | 19 Juli 1333 – 10 September 1368[1] | Kaisar kesebelas dan kaisar terakhir Dinasti Yuan. Juga kaisar pertama dari Dinasti Yuan Utara. |
Gerombolan Emas
- Batu Khan (1227–1255)
- Sartaq (1255–56)
- Ulaghchi (1257)
- Berke (1257–1266)
- Möngke Temür (1266–1282)
- Tuda Mengu (1282–1287)
- Talabuga (1287–1291)
- Toqta (1291–1312)
- Öz beg Khan (1312–1341)
- Tini Beg (1341–1342)
- Jani Beg (1342–1357)
- Berdi Beg (1357–1361)
- Qulpa (1359–1360)
- Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
- Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Murad (1362–1367), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Aziz (1367–1369), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Ilbani (1373–1376), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Urus Khan (1376–1378),Urus juga merupakan Khan dari Gerombolan Putih dan paman dari Toqtamish, yang memungkinkan Gerombolan Putih untuk bersatu.
- Muhammad Bolaq (1375), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
- Toqtaqiya (1377)
- Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), penguasa sebenarnya Mamai
- Timur-Malik (1377–1378)
- Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
- Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
- Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), penguasa yang sebenarnya adalah Edigu
- Shadi Beg (1399–1407), penguasa sebenarnya Edigu
- Pulad (1407–1410), penguasa sebenarnya Edigu
- Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalaluddin khan (1411–1412)
- Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
- Karimberdi
- Kebeg
- Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
- Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
- Baraq (1422–1427)
- Sayid Ahmad (1433–1435)
- Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
- Mahmud (1459–1465)
- Ahmad (1465–1481)
- Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Murtada (1498–1499)
Sayap kiri (Gerombolan Putih)
- Orda (1226–1251)
- Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
- Köchü (c.1280–1302)
- Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
- Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
- Ilbasan (1315–1320)
- Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
- Chimtay (1344–1374)
- Urus (1374–1376)
- Toqtaqiya (1376)
- Timur-Malik (1377)
- Tokhtamysh (1377–1378)
- Koiruchik (1378–1399)
- Baraq (1423–1428)
- Muhammed (1428–1431)
- Mustafa (1431–1446)
Ögedei Khanete
Kaydu Ulus
- Kaydu
- Chapar
- Ali Sultan
- Danişmendji
- Soyurgatmish
- Sultan Mahmud Khan
Yenisei Kingdom
- Melig
- Ayachi
- Abdullah
- Tuman
- Taywan
- Timürci
- Arg Temur
- Hutulugtumor
Right wing (Blue Horde)
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
Ruler | Reign | Information |
---|---|---|
Batu Khan | 1227 - 1255 | The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde). |
Sartaq Khan | 1256 - 1257 | The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Ulaghchi | 1257 | The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism. |
Berke Khan | 1257 - 1266 | The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War. |
Mengu-Timur | 1266 - 1280 | The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Tode Mongke | 1280 - 1287 | The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Talabuga | 1287 - 1291 | The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Toqta | 1291 - 1312 | The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Özbeg Khan | 1313 - 1341 | The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Tini Beg | 1341 - 1342 | The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Jani Beg | 1342 - 1357 | The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Berdi Beg | 1357 - 1359 | The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Qulpa | August 1359 - February 1360 | The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Nawruz Beg | 1360 | The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Khiḍr Khan | 1360 - 1361 | The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Timur Khwaja | 1361 | The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Ordu Malik | 1361 | The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Kildi Beg | 1361 - 1362 | The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
Abdallāh | 1361 - 1370 | The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
Tulun Beg Khanum | 1370 - 1371 | The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
Muhammad Sultan | 1370/1371 - 1379 | The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
Tulak | 1379 - 1380 | The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
Great Horde (1466–1502)
Ilkhanate
- Hülëgü (1256–1265)
- Abaqa (1265–1282)
- Tekuder (1282–1284)
- Arghun (1284–1291)
- Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
- Baydu (1295)
- Ghazan (1295–1304)
- Öljaitü (1304–1316)
- Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
- Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
- Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
- Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
- Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343)
- Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
- Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
- Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
- Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chobanids (1335–1357)
Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
Injuids (1335–1357)
Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)
Chagatai Khanate
- Chagatai Khan 1226–1242
- Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
- Yesü Möngke 1246–1252
- Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
- Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
- Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
- Alghu 1260–1266
- Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
- Baraq 1266–1270
- Negübei 1270–c. 1272
- Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287
- Duwa 1287–1307
- Könchek 1306–1308
- Taliqu 1308–1309
- Kebek 1309 d. 1325
- Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318
- Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
- Eljigidey 1325–1329
- Duwa Temür 1329–1330
- Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
- Buzan 1334–1335
- Changshi 1335–1338
- Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
- 'Ali-Sultan 1342
- Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343
- Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346
- Danishmendji 1346–1348
The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).
Western Chagatai Khanate
- Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
- Shah Temür 1358
- Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
- Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
- Adil-Sultan 1363
- Khabul Shah 1364–1370
From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
- Suurgatmish 1370–1388
- Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402
Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)
Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.
.
Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
Kara Del (1383–1513)
Referensi
Kutipan
- ^ a b Moule 1957, hlm. 104.
Sumber
- Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
- Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
- Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
- William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
- Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.
Templat:Mongol ethnic groups Dinasti Mongol