^Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), “Standard Georgian”, Journal of the International Phonetic Association36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659, https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf
^Aronson, Howard Isaac (1990). Georgian: A Reading Grammar. Columbus, OH: Slavica Publishers. p. 18, 20. ISBN 978-0-89357-207-5. http://www.seelrc.org:8080/grammar/pdf/stand_alone_georgian.pdf