Baalbek

Baalbek بَعْلَبَكّcode: ar is deprecated
Bandar
Baalbek (Bumi)
Koordinat: 34°0′22.81″N 36°12′26.36″E / 34.0063361°N 36.2073222°E / 34.0063361; 36.2073222Koordinat: 34°0′22.81″N 36°12′26.36″E / 34.0063361°N 36.2073222°E / 34.0063361; 36.2073222
Negara	Lubnan
Kegabenoran	Baalbek-Hermel
Daerah	Baalbek
Pentadbiran
• Datuk bandar	Bachir Khodr
Keluasan
• Bandar	7 km2 (3 batu persegi)
• Metro	16 km2 (6 batu persegi)
Aras	1,170 m (3,840 ft)
Penduduk [perlu rujukan]
• Bandar	82,608
• Metro	105,000
Zon waktu	UTC+2 (EET)
• Musim panas (DST)	+3
Baalbek
Inskripsi	1984 (sesi ke-8)
sunting · sunting di Wikidata

Baalbek^[a] (/ˈbɑːlbɛk, ˈbeɪəlbɛk/;^[5] Arab: بَعْلَبَكّ, rumi: Baʿlabakkcode: ar is deprecated ; Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) merupakan sebuah bandar yang terletak di timur Sungai Litani di Lembah Beqaa di Lubnan, kira-kira 67 km (42 bt) timur laut Beirut. Ia adalah ibu kota Kegabenoran Baalbek-Hermel.^[6] Pada tahun 1998, Baalbek mempunyai populasi 82,608, kebanyakannya Muslim Syiah, diikuti oleh Muslim Sunni dan Kristian.^[7] Pekan ini terkenal dengan tapak bersejarah dan tarikan pelancong, termasuk beberapa kuil Rom purba, Masjid Besar dari zaman Umayyah, dan tapak kuari Rom bernama Hajar al-Hibla.^[8]

Baalbek mempunyai sejarah yang bermula sekurang-kurangnya 11,000 tahun, merangkumi zaman penting seperti zaman Prasejarah, Kanaan, Helenistik dan Rom. Selepas Alexander the Great menakluki kota itu pada 334 SM, dia menamakannya Heliopolis (Ἡλιούπολιςcode: grc is deprecated , bahasa Yunani untuk "Kota Matahari"). Kota ini berkembang pesat di bawah pemerintahan Rom. Walau bagaimanapun, ia mengalami transformasi semasa zaman Kristianisasi dan kebangkitan Islam seterusnya selepas penaklukan Arab pada abad ke-7. Dalam tempoh kemudian, bandar itu telah dirampas oleh orang Mongol dan menghadapi beberapa siri gempa bumi, mengakibatkan penurunan kepentingan semasa zaman Uthmaniyyah dan moden.^[8] Bandar ini terkenal dengan runtuhan kompleks kuil Baalbek dari zaman Rom, menempatkan dua kuil Rom terbesar dan terhebat: Kuil Bacchus dan Kuil Musytari. Ia telah ditulis pada tahun 1984 sebagai tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO.

Dalam era moden, Baalbek adalah sebuah bandar yang agak kecil yang menikmati kelebihan ekonomi sebagai destinasi pelancongan yang dicari. Walau bagaimanapun, sektor pelancongan telah menghadapi cabaran akibat konflik di Lubnan, terutamanya perang saudara 1975–1990, dan perang saudara Syria yang berterusan sejak 2011.^[8] Hari ini, bandar itu adalah kubu kuat pertubuhan militan Hizbullah.^[9][10][11]

Baalbek berkembar dengan:

• Bari, Itali
• L'Aquila, Itali
• Thrake, Yunani
• Yogyakarta, Indonesia.^[12]

• Google Maps satellite view
• Panoramas of the temples at Lebanon 360 and Discover Lebanon
• Archaeological research in Baalbek from the German Archaeological Institute
• GCatholic – Latin titular see
• Baalbeck International Festival
• Baalbek Railway Station (2006) at Al Mashriq
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• The Entrance to the Temple of Jupiter. Washington: Library of Congress. 29 Mei 2013. Dicapai pada 4 Jun 2024 – melalui World Digital Library.
• Baalbek. New York: UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 September 2007.