1934年西岸碼頭工人罷工 |
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Confrontation_between_a_policeman_wielding_a_night_stick_and_a_striker_during_the_San_Francisco_General_Strike%2C_1934_-_NARA_-_541926.jpg/240px-Confrontation_between_a_policeman_wielding_a_night_stick_and_a_striker_during_the_San_Francisco_General_Strike%2C_1934_-_NARA_-_541926.jpg) 1934 年舊金山大罷工期間,一名揮舞警棍的警察與一名罷工者之間的對峙 |
日期 | May 9 – July 31, 1934 (84 days)[1] |
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地點 | |
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方法 | 罷工, 抗议, 示威 |
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衝突方 |
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國際碼頭和倉庫聯盟(英语:International Longshore and Warehouse Union)(ILWU) | 加州陸軍國民警衛隊(英语:California Army National Guard) (CA ARNG) |
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領導人物 |
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Harry Bridges; Paddy Morris; Jack Bjorklund; Joseph P. Ryan | Frank Merriam; Angelo Rossi; Julius Meier |
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逮捕, etc |
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死亡: 9, 受傷:>1000, 逮捕: >500.[2] | 死亡: 受傷: |
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1934年西岸碼頭工人罷工(英語:1934 West Coast waterfront strike)持續了83天,於1934年5月9日開始,至同年的7月31日結束。[1]當時美國西海岸每個港口的裝卸工都罷工了。由國際碼頭和倉庫聯盟(英语:International Longshore and Warehouse Union)(ILWU)組織的這場罷工達到頂峰,導致“血腥星期四”那一天有兩名工人死亡,舊金山總罷工導致美國西海岸的主要港口城市之所有工作停止四天,勞資雙方最終達成和解。[3]
罷工的結果是美國西海岸所有港口都成立了工會。1934年的舊金山總罷工,以及美國共產主義聯盟(英语:Communist League of America)領導的1934年明尼阿波利斯卡車司機罷工(英语:Minneapolis general strike of 1934),都是20世紀30年代工業工會主義(英语:Industrial unionism)興起的催化劑。其中大部分是通過產業工會聯合會組織的。[1]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Preis, Art. Labor's giant step: twenty years of the CIO. Pathfinder Press. 1974: 31–33. ISBN 9780873480246 (英语).
- ^ Kimeldorf, Howard. Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront. University of California Press. 1988: 101 [2024-02-26]. ISBN 9780520912779. (原始内容存档于2023-06-03) (英语).
- ^ David F. Selvin, A terrible anger: The 1934 waterfront and general strikes in San Francisco (Wayne State University Press, 1996).
進一步閱讀
- Workers on the Waterfront, Seamen, Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s, by Bruce Nelson, ISBN 0252061446
- Cherny, Robert W. "The making of a labor radical: Harry Bridges, 1901–1934." Pacific Historical Review 64.3 (1995): 363–388 online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco, by David F. Selvin. Wayne State University Press (1996). ISBN 0814326102.
- Dock Strike: History of the 1934 Waterfront Strike in Portland, Oregon, by Roger Buchanan
- Reds or Rackets, The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront, by Howard Kimeldorf, ISBN 0520078861
- The Big Strike, by Mike Quin, ISBN 0717805042
- Harry Bridges, The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the U.S., by Charles Larrowe, ISBN 0882080016
- Agitate, Educate, Organize: Portland, 1934, by William Bigelow & Norman Diamond, Oregon Historical Quarterly, Spring 1988
- 1934: The Great Strike (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), a multimedia section of the Waterfront Workers History Project, including film and photographs of the strike, a day-by-day account of the strike and digitized copies of newspaper articles and worker newsletters.
规范控制数据库:各地 ![編輯維基數據鏈接](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png) | |
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