Cephamycin
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Cephamycins are a group of β-lactam antibiotics. They are very similar to cephalosporins, and the cephamycins are sometimes classified as cephalosporins.
Like cephalosporins, cephamycins are based upon the cephem nucleus. Unlike most cephalosporins, cephamycins are a very efficient antibiotic against anaerobic microbes.[citation needed]
Cephamycins were originally produced by Streptomyces, but synthetic ones have been produced as well.[citation needed]
Cephamycins possess a methoxy group at the 7-alpha position.[1]
In addition, cephamycins have been shown to be stable against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms, although their use in clinical practice is lacking for this indication.[citation needed]
Examples
Cephamycins include:
- Cefoxitin[2]
- Cefotetan[3]
- Cefmetazole[4]
References
- ^ Oreste A. Mascaretti (2003). Bacteria Versus Antibacterial Agents: An Integrated Approach. American Society Microbiology. p. 144. ISBN 1-55581-258-9.
- ^ Little PJ, Peddie BA (July 1978). "Clinical use of cefoxitin, a new semisynthetic cephamycin". N. Z. Med. J. 88 (616): 46–9. PMID 279853.
- ^ Clarke AM, Zemcov SJ (January 1983). "Antibacterial activity of the cephamycin cefotetan: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 11. Suppl: 67–72. doi:10.1093/jac/11.suppl_A.67. PMID 6404881.
- ^ Benlloch M, Torres A, Soriano F (October 1982). "Cefmetazole (CS-1170): a new cephamycin with activity against gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 10 (4): 347–50. doi:10.1093/jac/10.4.347. PMID 6958672.
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(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases)
Lipopeptides |
|
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Other |
|
- Inhibit PG subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
- DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
- bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)
- Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
- Tyrothricin
- Isoniazid#
- Teixobactin
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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