Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan
Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan يغمراسن إبن زيان | |
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Amîr al-Muslîmîn[1] | |
Possible depiction of Yaghmurasen | |
Sultan of the Kingdom of Tlemcen | |
Reign | 1236–1283 |
Predecessor | Zyan ben Thabet |
Successor | Abu Said Uthman I |
Born | Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan 1206 |
Died | February/March 1283[2] (aged 76–77) Miliana (present-day Algeria) |
Dynasty | Zayyanid |
Religion | Islam |
Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan (1206 – February/March 1283, Arabic: يغمراسن إبن زيان, long name: Yaghmurasan ben Ziyan ben Thabet ben Mohamed ben Zegraz ben Tiddugues ben Taaullah ben Ali ben Abd al-Qasem ben Abd al-Wad) was the founder of the Zayyanid dynasty. Under his reign the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen extended over present-day north-western Algeria.
Life
He was of the Zenata Berber tribe.[3] He founded the Zayyanid state in 1235, and warred with the Almohad Caliphate until 1248. He was successful in his military campaigns against the Merinids and the Maqil Arab tribe.
The governor of Ceuta, Abou'l-Hassan ben-Khelas, had revolted against the Almohads and recognised the sovereignty of Yaghmurasen, after this the Almohad ruler decided to march against Tlemcen but was defeated by Yaghmurasen.[4] When the Almohad Caliph marched against him, Yaghmurasen defeated him in the Battle of Oujda, the Almohad Caliphs head was taken and ordered to be shown to his mother.[4]
Ibn Khaldun mentions anecdotes about him. Thus Yaghomracen heard genealogists who traced his descent from Muhammad. He commented about this claim in his local Berber language and said this:
If it is true, it will benefit us before God; but, in this world, we will owe our success only to our swords.[5]
When an architect wanted to write his name on a minaret that he had built, Yaghmurasen replied in his Zenati dialect "God knows" (Issen Rebbi).[6]
Name
In his commentary on the hagiographic book of Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili (Attashawof), Ahmed Toufiq explains that Yaghmur in Berber means "the virile/Stallion" whereas the prefix asen means "to them". Thereby giving "Yaghmurasen" a meaning close to "To prevail over them"[7]
See also
References
- ^ Abou Zakarya Yah'ya Ibn Khaldoun Trad. Alfred Bel, Histoire des beni 'Abd El-Wad rois de Tlemcen jusqu'au règne d'Abou Hammou Moussa II, Alger, Imprimerie orientale Pierre Fonatana, 1904 p151 ; 152
- ^ a et b Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, traduction du baron de Slane (tome III), Ed. Imprimerie du Gouvernement (Alger), 1856 (read online) Archived 2022-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The History of Ibn Khaldun, book 7
- ^ a b Histoire des Beni Zeiyan, rois de Tlemcen, par Abou-Abd'Allah-Mohammed ibn-Abd'el-Djelyl et Tenessy, ouvrage trad. par ...' Archived 2024-05-21 at the Wayback Machine Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn 'Abd-al-jalil al-Tanasi Duprat.
- ^ Khaldoun, Ibn (1856-01-01). Histoire es berbères, 3: et des dynasties musulmanes de l'afrique septentrionale (in French). Translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Imprimerie du Gouvernement. p. 328. Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
- ^ Piquet, Victor (1937). Histoire des monuments musulmans du Maghreb (in French). Impr. R. Bauche. Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
- ^ Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili (1220). التشوف إلى رجال التصوف (in Arabic) (Ahmed Toufiq ed.). p. 286.
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the Kingdom of Tlemcen
(1235–1556)
- Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
- Abu Said Uthman I
- Abu Zayyan I
- Abu Hammu I
- Abu Tashufin I
- Abu Said Uthman II
- Abu Thabid I
- Abu Hammu II Musa
- Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
- Abu Tashufin II
- Abu Thabid II
- Abul Hadjdjadj I
- Abu Zayyan II
- Abu Muh I
- Abu Abdallah I
- Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
- Said I bin Abu Tashufin
- Abu Malek I
- Abu Abdallah II
- Abu Abbas Ahmad I
- Abu Abdallah III
- Abu Tashufin III
- Abu Abdallah IV
- Abu Abdallah V
- Abu Hammu III
- Abu Muh II
- Abu Abdallah VI
- Abu Zayyan III
- Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
the Regency of Algiers
(1517–1710)
- Aruj Barbarossa
- Hayreddin Barbarossa
- Hasan Agha
- Hadji Pasha
- Hasan Pasha
- Khalifa Saffah
- Salah Rais
- Hasan Corso
- Muhammad Kurdogli
- Mehmed Tekkelerli
- Yusuf I Pasha
- Yahyia Pasha
- Hasan Khüsro Aga
- Ahmed Bostandji
- Ahmad Pasha Qabia
- Muhamad Pasha
- Uluç Ali Reis
- Mehmet Pasha
- Arab Ahmed Pasha
- Ramdan Pasha
- Hassan Veneziano
- Djafar Pasha
- Mami Muhammad Pasha
- Dali Ahmed Pasha
- Hızır Pasha
- Hadji Shaban Pasha
- Mustapha Pasha
- Daly Hassan Pasha
- Soliman Pasha
- Muhammad II the eunuch
- Mustapha II Pasha
- Rizvan Pasha
- Köse Mustafa Pacha
- Hasan IV
- Mustapha IV Pasha
- Soliman Katanya
- Kassan Kaid Koça
- Hizir Pasha
- Mustafa III Pasha
- Khüsrev Pacha
- Murat Pasha
- Hassan Khodja
- Yusuf II Pasha
- Ali Bitchin
- Mahmud Bursali Pacha
- Ahmed I Pasha
- Yusuf III Pasha
- Murad Pasha
- Buzenak-Muhammad
- Ahmed II Pasha
- Ibrahim Pasha
- Ismail Pasha
- Khalil Aga
- Ramadan Aga
- Shaban Aga
- Ali Aga
- Hadj Mohamed Dey
- Baba Hassan
- Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
- Ahmed Sharban
- Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
- Hassan Chaouch
- Hadji Mustapha
- Hussein Kodja
- Mohamed Bektach
- Deli Ibrahim
the Deylik of Algiers
(1710–1830)
- Ali I
- Muhammad III
- Abdy Pasha
- Mohammed Arslan
- Ibrahim III
- Ibrahim IV
- Muhammad IV
- Ali II
- Muhammad V
- Sidi Hassan
- Mustapha II
- Ahmed II
- Ali III
- Ali IV
- Mohammed Khaznadji
- Omar Agha
- Ali V
- Muhammad VI ben Ali
- Hussein Dey
of French Algeria
(1830–1962)
- Louis-Auguste-Victor
- Bertrand Clauzel
- Pierre Berthezène
- Anne Jean Marie René Savary
- Théophile Voirol
- Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
- Bertrand Clauzel
- Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
- Sylvain Charles Valée
- Thomas Robert Bugeaud
- Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
- Marie Alphonse Bedeau
- Henri d'Orleans
- Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
- Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
- Viala Charon
- Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
- Aimable Pélissier
- Jacques Louis Randon
- Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
- Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
- Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
- Patrice de MacMahon
- François Louis Alfred Durrieu
- Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
- Henri-Gabriel Didier
- Charles de Bouzet
- Romuald Vuillermoz
- Alexis Lambert
- Louis Henri de Gueydon
- Antoine Chanzy
- Albert Grévy
- Louis Tirman
- Jules Cambon
- Auguste Loze
- Louis Lépine
- Édouard Laferrière
- Charles Jonnart
- Paul Révoil
- Maurice Varnier
- Charles Lutaud
- Jean-Baptiste Abel
- Théodore Steeg
- Henri Dubief
- Maurice Viollette
- Pierre Bordes
- Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
- Georges le Beau
- Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
- Maxime Weygand
- Yves-Charles Chatel
- Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
- Georges Catroux
- Yves Chataigneau
- Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
- Roger Léonard
- Jacques Soustelle
- Georges Catroux
- Robert Lacoste
- André Mutter
- Raoul Salan
- Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
- Jean Morin
- Christian Fouchet
Republic of Algeria
(1962–present)
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