CCR5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5),中文名:趋化因子受体5[7]或趋化因子C-C亚族受体5[8],也称为CD195。是白细胞表面的一种蛋白质,因此也称为CCR5蛋白质,R5型HIV进入并感染宿主细胞的过程需要借助CCR5蛋白质,控制CCR5蛋白质的基因称为CCR5基因,该基因在人体内的基因座是3p21.31(意为位于3号染色体短臂的2区-1带-子带31上)。[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
CCR5在正常免疫中的作用尚不清楚[25],《複雜疾病遺傳學》(Genetics of Complex Disease)這一本書籍指出:「一般而言,CCR5並不會影響免疫反應,但它在對西尼罗河病毒感染的免疫反應中扮演重要的角色」[26]。CCR5-Δ32基因虽对部分艾滋病具有免疫作用,但一篇2015年的綜述指其与多发性硬化相关[27],不過在整體研究中它跟自體免疫性疾病的關係存有矛盾[28]。其跟腫瘤的關係則欠詳細記錄[29]。此外CCR5-Δ32可能會使携带者在感染西尼罗河病毒後出現更嚴重的神經系统疾病[26]。
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^ 12.012.1Allers K, Hütter G, Hofmann J, Loddenkemper C, Rieger K, Thiel E, Schneider T. Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cell transplantation. Blood. Mar 2011, 117 (10): 2791–9. PMID 21148083. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-309591.
^ 13.013.1Zhen A, Kitchen S. Stem-cell-based gene therapy for HIV infection. Viruses. Jan 2014, 6 (1): 1–12. PMC 3917429. PMID 24368413. doi:10.3390/v6010001.
^ 14.014.1Kay MA, Walker BD. Engineering cellular resistance to HIV. The New England Journal of Medicine. Mar 2014, 370 (10): 968–9. PMID 24597871. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1400593.
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^Schweneker, Marc; Bachmann, André S; Moelling, Karin. JM4 is a four-transmembrane protein binding to the CCR5 receptor. FEBS Letters. 2005-03-14, 579 (7): 1751–58 [2018-12-02]. PMID 15757671. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.037. (原始内容存档于2019-02-15) (英语).
^ 19.019.1CCR5 - chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene). Genetics Home Reference. (原始内容存档于2009-09-24).
^Samson M, Labbe O, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene. Biochemistry. Mar 1996, 35 (11): 3362–7. PMID 8639485. doi:10.1021/bi952950g.
^ 21.021.121.2Velasco-Velázquez M, Jiao X, De La Fuente M, Pestell TG, Ertel A, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. CCR5 antagonist blocks metastasis of basal breast cancer cells. Cancer Research. Aug 2012, 72 (15): 3839–50. PMID 22637726. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3917.
^ 22.022.1Sicoli D, Jiao X, Ju X, Velasco-Velazquez M, Ertel A, Addya S, Li Z, Andò S, Fatatis A, Paudyal B, Cristofanilli M, Thakur ML, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. CCR5 receptor antagonists block metastasis to bone of v-Src oncogene-transformed metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Cancer Research. Dec 2014, 74 (23): 7103–14. PMC 4294544. PMID 25452256. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0612.
^Velasco-Velázquez M, Xolalpa W, Pestell RG. CCL5/CCR5 in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets. Nov 2014, 18 (11): 1265–75. PMID 25256399. doi:10.1517/14728222.2014.949238.
^Jiao X, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Wang M, Li Z, Rui H, Peck AR, Korkola JE, Chen X, Xu S, DuHadaway JB, Guerrero-Rodriguez S, Addya S, Sicoli D, Mu Z, Zhang G, Stucky A, Zhang X, Cristofanilli M, Fatatis A, Gray JW, Zhong JF, Prendergast GC, Pestell RG. CCR5 Governs DNA Damage Repair and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Expansion. Cancer Res. Apr 2018, 78 (7): 1657–71. PMID 29358169. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0915.
^Barmania F, Pepper MS. C-C chemokine receptor type five (CCR5): An emerging target for the control of HIV infection. Applied & Translational Genomics. 2013, 2 (a): 3–16. doi:10.1016/j.atg.2013.05.004.
^Ghorba, Khodayar; Hassanshahi, Gholamhossein; Momeni, Mohammad; Zare-Bidaki, Mohammad; Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi; Kennedy, Derek. Is the CCR5 Δ 32 Mutation Associated with Immune System-Related Diseases?. Inflammation. 2013-06, 36 (3): 633–42 [2018-11-27]. PMID 23250822. doi:10.1007/s10753-012-9585-8. (原始内容存档于2018-06-17) (英语).
^Ascierto, PA; Stroncek, DF; Wang, E. Developments in T Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapies. Humana Press. 2015: 117 [2018-12-02]. ISBN 978-3-319-21167-1. (原始内容存档于2018-11-29).
^Rezaei, Nima. Cancer Immunology: A Translational Medicine Context. Springer. 2015: 135 [2020-09-25]. ISBN 978-3-662-44006-3. (原始内容存档于2019-02-15).