Toll-like receptor 9 |
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标识 |
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代号 | TLR9; CD289 |
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扩展标识 | 遗传学:605474 鼠基因:1932389 同源基因:68126 ChEMBL: 5804 GeneCards: TLR9 Gene |
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基因本体论描述 | 分子功能 | · transmembrane signaling receptor activity · interleukin-1 receptor binding · siRNA binding
| 细胞成分 | · Golgi membrane · extracellular region · cytoplasm · lysosome · endosome · endoplasmic reticulum · endoplasmic reticulum membrane · plasma membrane · endosome membrane · integral component of membrane · basolateral plasma membrane · apical plasma membrane · early phagosome · endolysosome membrane
| 生物过程 | · toll-like receptor signaling pathway · response to molecule of bacterial origin · MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway · inflammatory response · I-kappaB phosphorylation · insulin receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of gene expression · maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium · negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity · tumor necrosis factor production · negative regulation of interleukin-6 production · negative regulation of interleukin-8 production · positive regulation of chemokine production · positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production · positive regulation of interferon-beta production · positive regulation of interleukin-10 production · positive regulation of interleukin-12 production · positive regulation of interleukin-18 production · positive regulation of interleukin-6 production · positive regulation of interleukin-8 production · positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production · negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway · toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway · positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus · defense response to bacterium · positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling · positive regulation of JUN kinase activity · positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process · innate immune response · positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process · positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter · positive regulation of JNK cascade · regulation of cytokine secretion · positive regulation of inflammatory response · defense response to Gram-negative bacterium · positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity · positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process · negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity
| Sources: Amigo / QuickGO | |
直系同源体 |
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物种 | 人类 | 小鼠 |
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Entrez | 54106 | 81897 |
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Ensembl | ENSG00000239732 | ENSMUSG00000045322 |
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UniProt | Q9NR96 | Q9EQU3 |
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mRNA序列 | NM_017442 | NM_031178 |
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蛋白序列 | NP_059138 | NP_112455 |
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基因位置 | Chr 3: 52.22 – 52.23 Mb | Chr 9: 106.22 – 106.23 Mb |
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PubMed查询 | [1] | [2] |
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Toll样受体9(英語:Toll-like receptor 9)是由人类基因 TLR9 编码的蛋白质[1],也被称为CD289(分化簇289,cluster of differentiation 289),是Toll样受体(TLR)家族的成员。
功能
TLR家族的受体在病原识别与先天免疫的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白,用以識別病原體呈現的病原相关分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs),然後啟動製造先天和获得性免疫所需的细胞因子的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织,比如脾、淋巴结、骨髓等。研究指出,在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列来激活先天免疫应答[2]。
TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未甲基化的CpG序列,CpG位点在脊椎动物非常稀少(~1%),但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在免疫系统的多种细胞中有表达,如B淋巴细胞、单核细胞、自然杀伤细胞(NK)和浆细胞样树突状细胞。TLR9表达于细胞内,是核内体的组分之一,其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应,并分泌相关细胞因子,如I型干扰素和IL-12等。
临床意义
There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,[3] immunostimulation against cancer,[4] immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.[5]
蛋白质相互作用
参考文献
- ^ Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B. Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution. Eur Cytokine Netw. Dec 2000, 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.
- ^ Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9.
- ^ Kline JN. Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. July 2007, 4 (3): 283–8. PMC 2647631 . PMID 17607014. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-019AW.
- ^ Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T. Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition). July 2004, 22 (14S) [2016-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-08).
- ^ Klinman DM. Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 25 (3-4): 135–54. PMID 16818369. doi:10.1080/08830180600743057.
- ^ Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol. May 2004, 5 (5): 495–502. PMID 15107846. doi:10.1038/ni1066.
延伸阅读
- Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors.. Crit. Care Med. 2002, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–11. PMID 11782555. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001.
- Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1589 (1): 1–13. PMID 11909637. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3.
外部链接
TLR9引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的資料,这些資料属于公共领域。
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| 受体 | |
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| 其它胞外分子 | CD14 · MD2(英语:Lymphocyte antigen 96) · LBP(英语:Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) |
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| 胞内分子 | 衔接体: Myd88(英语:Myd88) · TRIF(英语:TRIF) · TIRAP(英语:TIRAP) · TRAF6(英语:TRAF6) · TOLLIP(英语:TOLLIP) IRAK1(英语:IRAK1) · IRAK4(英语:IRAK4) IRF3(英语:IRF3) TLR 3(英语:TLR 3) · TLR 7(英语:TLR 7) · TLR 8(英语:TLR 8) · TLR 9 |
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| 信号转导索引 |
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| 描述 | - 胞外
- 細胞表面受體(英语:Template:Cell surface receptors)
- 配体门控离子通道
- 酶联受體
- G蛋白偶聯受體
- 免疫球蛋白超家族(英语:Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors)
- 整合素
- 神經肽受體
- 生長因子受體
- 细胞因子受體
- 胞內
- 受體蛋白(英语:Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins)
- GTP-binding(英语:Template:GTP-binding protein regulators)
- MAP激酶
- 鈣信號
- 脂質系號
- 路徑
- hedgehog
- Wnt
- TGF-β
- MAPK ERK(英语:Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway)
- notch(英语:Template:Notch signaling pathway)
- JAK-STAT
- 細胞凋亡
- hippo(英语:Template:Hippo signaling pathway)
- TLR
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