Iryna Senyk
- poet
- nurse
- political dissident
Iryna Senyk (Ukrainian, Іри́на Миха́йлівна Се́ник; June 8, 1926, Lviv - October 25, 2009, Boryslav) was a Ukrainian poet, nurse, and Soviet political dissident.[2] She was imprisoned in Stalinist camps as were her mother and brother.[3] She was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and an honorary member of PEN International.
Biography
Iryna Mykhailivna Senyk was born on June 8, 1926, in Lviv. Her parents were Mykhailo Senyk and Maria Senyk.
From 1939, she was a member of the Youth of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), and in 1941, she became a full member of the organization, working in the regional propaganda department.[4] She studied at a folk school and a private girls' gymnasium before entering University of Lviv in 1944.
In December 1945, while a student at the University of Lviv, she was arrested on charges of "treason against the homeland" (Article 54-1 "a") and "involvement in a counter-revolutionary organization" (Article 54–11) of the Criminal Code,[1] and imprisoned on Lontsky Street. She was sentenced in 1946 to ten years in concentration camps in Siberia (Ozerlag, Angarlag, and Irkutsk Oblast) and life in exile on charges of links with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Despite all the camp bans, she continued writing poetry, which she had been doing since the age of nine, secretly writing on scraps of paper. While in camp, she learned how to embroider pieces on religious themes.[4] She left the camp in 1956, with the second disability group, exiled in the Siberian Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Kemerovo region; the term of the exile expired in 1968.
"I secretly composed my grief-stricken lines in my head, and in the morning I would recite them to my cellmates.... How was I to thank all those who saved my life, who gave me the gift of kind words every day? I gave them my poetic lines." -Iryna Senyk[4]
After the exile, Senyk arrived in Ivano-Frankivsk as the return to Lviv was not possible. For a short time, she worked as a nurse[1] with prisoners in a tuberculosis hospital. She became acquainted with Viacheslav Chornovil, Valentin Moroz and other activists of the resistance movement against Russification and national discrimination of the Ukrainian people - the Shestydesyatnyky ("Sixties activists").[1] She also helped to spread samizdat. In December 1969, she signed the statement of 16 former political prisoners "Again chamber affairs?" addressed to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was directed against the practice of conviction in prison. The statement was published in the Ukrainian Herald No. 1 in 1970 and broadcast on Radio Liberty.
In 1972, Senyk, a nurse, was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison camp and five years in exile, with an expected release date of November 17, 1983. While serving her sentence in a Mordovian camp, repressed for her beliefs,[5] she became an invalid, her arm broken during an accident at a rock quarry.[4] In 1979, now in exile, she was a signatory to the "Members of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords", dated October 6, 1979.[6] Since 1979, she was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. She was also an honorary member of PEN International.[7] Senyk was a signatory of the 1987 Ukrainian Association of Independent Creative Intelligentsia (UANTI) declaration.[8]
Awards
Selected works
- Suviĭ polotna : poeziï, 1990
- White aster of love : collection of poetry embroidery and contemporary dress designs, 1992 (in English and Ukrainian)
- Bila aĭstra li︠u︡bovy : zbirka virshiv, vyshyvok ta zrazkiv suchasnoho odi︠a︡hu, 1992
- Zahratovana i︠u︡nist ́ : poeziï, 1996
- Slavni dochky Ukraïny-Rusi, 1999
- V nas odna Ukraïna, 1999
- Knyz͡hechka Babusi Iryny dli͡a chemnöi dytyny (Babusia Iryna's little book : won't you come and have a look)
References
- ^ a b c d e f "In Memoriam: Iryna Senyk". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ Struk, Danylo Husar (15 December 1993). Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol. IV: Ph-Sr. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-5126-5. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1982). Human Rights--Ukraine and the Soviet Union: Hearing and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, on H. Con. Res. 111, H. Res. 152, H. Res. 193, July 28, July 30, and September 17, 1981. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 12, 17, 19, 28, 32. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Kis, Oksana (2 March 2021). Survival as Victory: Ukrainian Women in the Gulag. Harvard University Press. pp. 161, 252. ISBN 978-0-674-25828-0. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1983). Religious Persecution as a Violation of Human Rights: Hearings and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second Session, on H. Con. Res. 100, 378, 428, 433, and 434, H. Res. 269, S. Con. Res. 18, February 10, March 23, May 25, July 27 and 29, August 5 and 10, September 23, December 1 and 14, 1982. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ Documents of the Helsinki Monitoring Groups in the U.S.S.R. and Lithuania (1976-1986). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1987. pp. 27, 83, 129, 257. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (1999). Ukraine: perestroika to independence (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-333-98434-5. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ Krawchenko, Bohdan (13 July 1993). Ukrainian Past Ukrainian Present. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-22671-9. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Про відзначення державними нагородами України колишніх політичних в'язнів і репресованих" [On the awarding of state awards of Ukraine to former political prisoners and repressed]. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Про відзначення державними нагородами України засновників та активістів Української Громадської Групи сприяння виконанню Гельсінкських угод" [On awarding the founders and activists of the Ukrainian Public Group for assistance in the implementation of the Helsinki Agreements with state awards of Ukraine]. Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- v
- t
- e
- Human rights movement in the Soviet Union: Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR
- Committee on Human Rights in the USSR
- Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund
- Moscow Helsinki Group
- Ukrainian Helsinki Group
- Lithuanian Helsinki Group
- Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
- Helsinki-86
- Memorial
- Mikhail Agursky
- Vasily Aksyonov
- Lyudmila Alexeyeva
- Andrei Amalrik
- Chabua Amirejibi
- Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko
- Gunārs Astra
- Mykola Bakay
- Anna Barkova
- Vasile Bătrânac
- Arkadiy Belinkov
- Nikolai Berdyaev
- Yuri Bezmenov
- Larisa Bogoraz
- Alexander Bolonkin
- Yelena Bonner
- Leonid Borodin
- Vladimir Bougrine
- Joseph Brodsky
- Vladimir Bukovsky
- Valery Chalidze
- Lev Chernyi
- Boris Chichibabin
- Viacheslav Chornovil
- Lydia Chukovskaya
- Yuli Daniel
- Vadim Delaunay
- Andrey Derevyankin
- David Devdariani
- Ivan Drach
- Yuri Druzhnikov
- Mustafa Dzhemilev
- Ivan Dziuba
- Abulfaz Elchibey
- Alexander Esenin-Volpin
- Eliyahu Essas
- Efim Etkind
- Benjamin Fain
- Viktor Fainberg
- Moysey Fishbein
- Ilya Gabay
- Balys Gajauskas
- Yuri Galanskov
- Alexander Galich
- Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev
- Zviad Gamsakhurdia
- Vladimir Gershuni
- Alexander Ginzburg
- Yevgenia Ginzburg
- Anatoly Gladilin
- Semyon Gluzman
- Natalya Gorbanevskaya
- Pyotr Grigorenko
- Sergei Grigoryants
- Vasily Grossman
- Igor Guberman
- Tengiz Gudava
- Paruyr Hayrikyan
- Ivan Hel
- Oleksa Hirnyk
- Mykola Horbal
- Bohdan Horyn
- Mykhailo Horyn
- Grigory Isayev
- Boris Kagarlitsky
- Romas Kalanta
- Sofiya Kalistratova
- Ihor Kalynets
- Iryna Kalynets
- Vitaliy Kalynychenko
- Dina Kaminskaya
- Ivan Kandyba
- Ephraim Kholmyansky
- Yuliy Kim
- Nikolai Klyuev
- Lev Kopelev
- Boris Korczak
- Anatoly Koryagin
- Nahum Korzhavin
- Merab Kostava
- Lina Kostenko
- Sergei Kovalev
- Zoya Krakhmalnikova
- Victor Krasin
- Yuri Kublanovsky
- Jüri Kukk
- Anatoly Kuznetsov
- Eduard Kuznetsov
- Malva Landa
- Alexander Lavut
- Mikhail Leontovich
- Alexander Lerner
- Yaroslav Lesiv
- Eugene Levich
- Veniamin Levich
- Eduard Limonov
- Jüri Lina
- Pavel Litvinov
- Levko Lukyanenko
- Nikolay Lossky
- Kronid Lyubarsky
- Michail J. Makarenko
- Vasyl Makukh
- Guram Mamulia
- Nadezhda Mandelstam
- Anatoly Marchenko
- Valeriy Marchenko
- Myroslav Marynovych
- Grigorii Maksimov
- Roy Medvedev
- Zhores Medvedev
- Naum Meiman
- Mykhailo Melnyk
- Alexander Men
- Yosef Mendelevitch
- Vazif Meylanov
- Andrei Mironov
- Ion Moraru
- Viktor Nekipelov
- Viktor Nekrasov
- Alexander Nekrich
- Valeriya Novodvorskaya
- Vasile Odobescu
- Alexander Ogorodnikov
- Yuri Orlov
- Raisa Orlova
- Yulian Panich
- Lagle Parek
- Boris Pasternak
- Konstantin Paustovsky
- Gleb Pavlovsky
- Zianon Pazniak
- Yekaterina Peshkova
- Viktoras Petkus
- Alexander Piatigorsky
- Leonid Plyushch
- Alexandr Podrabinek
- Grigory Pomerants
- Vladimir Pribylovsky
- Dmitri Prigov
- Anatoly Pristavkin
- Boris Pustyntsev
- Irina Ratushinskaya
- Eliyahu Rips
- Arseny Roginsky
- Maria Rozanova
- Mykola Rudenko
- Yuly Rybakov
- Ain Saar
- Valery Sablin
- Andrei Sakharov
- Dmitri Savitski
- Shmuel Schneurson
- Iryna Senyk
- Victor Serge
- Efraim Sevela
- Igor Shafarevich
- Varlam Shalamov
- Avital Sharansky
- Natan Sharansky
- Alexander Shatravka
- Vladimir Shelkov
- Yurii Shukhevych
- Danylo Shumuk
- Andrei Sinyavsky
- Vladimir Slepak
- Victor Sokolov
- Sergei Soldatov
- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
- Pitirim Sorokin
- Galina Starovoytova
- Vladimir Strelnikov
- Aleksandras Štromas
- Vasyl Stus
- Nadiya Svitlychna
- Ivan Svitlichny
- Vasyl Symonenko
- Les Tanyuk
- Alexander Tarasov
- Valery Tarsis
- Enn Tarto
- Lev Timofeev
- Valentin Turchin
- Andrei Tverdokhlebov
- Tatyana Velikanova
- Tomas Venclova
- Georgi Vins
- Georgi Vladimov
- Vladimir Voinovich
- Michael Voslenski
- Anatoly Yakobson
- Gleb Yakunin
- Venedikt Yerofeyev
- Yevgeny Zamyatin
- Alexander Zinoviev
- Yosyf Zisels