South African Class 13 4-8-0TT

25+3⁄4 in (654 mm)Coupled dia.45 in (1,143 mm)Wheelbase43 ft 1⁄2 in (13,119 mm) • Engine21 ft 4 in (6,502 mm) • Leading5 ft 4 in (1,626 mm) • Coupled12 ft 6 in (3,810 mm)Length:
• Over couplers50 ft 8+1⁄4 in (15,450 mm)Height12 ft 6 in (3,810 mm)Frame typePlateAxle load13 LT 16 cwt (14,020 kg) • Leading8 LT 17 cwt (8,992 kg) • 1st coupled12 LT 7 cwt (12,550 kg) • 2nd coupled12 LT 16 cwt (13,010 kg) • 3rd coupled12 LT 16 cwt (13,010 kg) • 4th coupled13 LT 16 cwt (14,020 kg)Adhesive weight51 LT 15 cwt (52,580 kg)Loco weight60 LT 12 cwt (61,570 kg)Tender type3-axle or 2-axle bogiesFuel typeCoalWater cap.1,880 imp gal (8,550 L) engineFirebox: • TypeRound-top • Grate area21 sq ft (2.0 m²)Boiler:
• Pitch6 ft 10 in (2,083 mm) • Diameter4 ft 7+7⁄8 in (1,419 mm) • Tube plates10 ft 4 in (3,150 mm) • Small tubes287: 1+3⁄4 in (44 mm)Boiler pressure175 psi (1,207 kPa)Safety valveRamsbottomHeating surface: • Firebox135 sq ft (12.5 m²) • Tubes1,359 sq ft (126.3 m²) • Total surface1,494 sq ft (138.8 m²)CylindersTwoCylinder size19 in (483 mm) bore
27 in (686 mm) strokeValve gearAllanCouplersJohnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s)

Performance figures
Tractive effort	28,430 lbf (126.5 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	Imperial Military Railways Central South African Railways South African Railways
Class	CSAR Class E, SAR Class 13
Number in class	29
Numbers	1310–1338
Nicknames	Walloper
Delivered	1904
First run	1904
Withdrawn	1961

The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 13 4-8-0TT of 1905 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In 1902, towards the end of the Second Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways placed 35 4-10-2 tank locomotives in service, built to the specifications of the Reid Tenwheeler of the Natal Government Railways. At the end of the war, these locomotives came onto the roster of the Central South African Railways and were designated Class E. All but six of them were subsequently converted to 4-8-0 tank-and-tender locomotives. In 1912, when these converted locomotives came onto the South African Railways roster, they were designated Class 13.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Manufacturers

The requirement for a tank locomotive which could haul at least one-and-a-half times as much as a Dübs A 4-8-2T locomotive on the Natal Government Railways (NGR) mainline, resulted in the design of a 4-10-2 tank locomotive by George W. Reid, Locomotive Superintendent of the NGR at the end of the 19th century. On the NGR, the locomotive type became known as the Reid Tenwheeler, later designated the NGR Class C.^[1]^[3]

In 1902, during the Second Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) placed orders for 35 locomotives of the NGR's Reid Tenwheeler type. To ensure rapid delivery, the order was split between Dübs and Company, who delivered the locomotives in the number range from 220 to 234, and Neilson, Reid and Company, who delivered the locomotives in the number range from 235 to 254, all in 1902.^[1]^[5]^[6]

Service

Imperial Military Railways

In comparison to the NGR version, the IMR locomotives were more ornate. In true military tradition, the domes, chimney caps and boiler bands were of polished brass. A weatherboard was affixed to the coal bunker to offer better protection to the crew while travelling bunker forward. The practice of polished brasswork was followed on all new IMR locomotives and was continued even after the railways became the Central South African Railways (CSAR) at the end of the war.^[5]

Central South African Railways

After the war, the Reid Tenwheeler locomotives were designated Class E on the CSAR. P.A. Hyde, Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR, found them to have an inadequate coal and water supply for trips of any length and decided to convert 29 of them to 4-8-0 Mastodon type tank-and-tender engines, beginning in 1904. The trailing bissel bogie, the fifth pair of coupled wheels and the coal bunker were removed, the main frame was shortened and three- or four-axle tenders from various withdrawn or obsolete locomotives were attached. This increased the coal and water capacities which resulted in a considerable increase in the operating range of the locomotive. Since it was now able to be used without a water tank attached, it could still haul the same load as before, used less oil and was no longer prone to derailment while reversing. Crews found the locomotive more comfortable to work than the tank version.^[1]^[4]^[5]^[7]

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, NGR and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[2]^[8]

In 1912, these locomotives were designated Class 13 on the South African Railways (SAR) and renumbered in the range from 1310 to 1338. The Class 13 was used for a variety of minor tasks, almost exclusively in the Witwatersrand area. They were popular with their drivers and were nicknamed Wallopers. The last of the Class was withdrawn in 1961.^[2]^[5]^[3]

Industrial

After withdrawal, several were sold to South African mines, where some were modified once again. A few of them remained in service on the mines well into the 1980s.^[3]

Works numbers

The builders, works numbers, rebuilding and renumbering of all 35 original 4-10-2T locomotives are listed in the table.^[2]

**CSAR Class E Rebuilt Reid Tenwheelers**
CSAR No.	Builder	Works No.	Rebuilt to	SAR No.
220	Dübs	4086	Class 13	1310
221	Dübs	4087	Class 13	1311
222	Dübs	4088	Class H1	222
223	Dübs	4089	Class 13	1312
224	Dübs	4090	Class 13	1313
225	Dübs	4091	Class 13	1314
226	Dübs	4092	Class 13	1315
227	Dübs	4093	Class 13	1316
228	Dübs	4094	Class 13	1317
229	Dübs	4095	Class 13	1318
230	Dübs	4096	Class 13	1319
231	Dübs	4097	Class 13	1320
232	Dübs	4098	Class 13	1321
233	Dübs	4099	Class H1	223
234	Dübs	4100	Class H1
235	Neilson Reid	6196	Class H1	224
236	Neilson Reid	6197	Class 13	1322
237	Neilson Reid	6198	Class 13	1323
238	Neilson Reid	6199	Class 13	1324
239	Neilson Reid	6200	Class 13	1325
240	Neilson Reid	6201	Class 13	1326
241	Neilson Reid	6202	Class 13	1327
242	Neilson Reid	6203	Class 13	1328
243	Neilson Reid	6204	Class 13	1329
244	Neilson Reid	6205	Class 13	1330
245	Neilson Reid	6206	Class H1	225
246	Neilson Reid	6207	Class 13	1331
247	Neilson Reid	6208	Class 13	1332
248	Neilson Reid	6209	Class 13	1333
249	Neilson Reid	6210	Class 13	1334
250	Neilson Reid	6211	Class 13	1335
251	Neilson Reid	6212	Class 13	1336
252	Neilson Reid	6213	Class H1	226
253	Neilson Reid	6214	Class 13	1337
254	Neilson Reid	6215	Class 13	1338

Illustration

One of these locomotives, SAR no. 1313, warrants special mention, having served in four different configurations. It started out on the IMR as a 4-10-2T Reid Tenwheeler type and was then converted by the CSAR, first to a 4-8-2T Mountain type and then to a 4-8-0TT Mastodon type, before being inherited by the SAR. Finally, in mine service, its side tanks were removed to convert it to a regular 4-8-0 tender locomotive.^[5]

The main picture shows a Class 13 in tank-and-tender configuration, c. 1912. The following pictures show Class 13 no. 1337 with its side tanks removed to convert it to a regular 4-8-0 configuration while in mine service.

No. 1337 in service at Albion Colliery as no. 1, 6 November 1974
No. 1337 at SANRASM, 10 September 2010

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 13 4-8-0TT.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways. (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1944. pp. 424-425.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 9, 12, 15, 44-45 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 32, 56. ISBN 0869772112.
^ ^a ^b South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, pp21 & 21A, as amended
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 92–94, 123–124, 134–135. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
^ Neilson, Reid works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
^ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VI - Imperial Military Railways and C.S.A.R. (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, January 1945. pp. 15-16.
^ The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.

Locomotives of the Central South African Railways

3' 6" gauge

PPR 0-4-0ST Natal
PPR 26 Tonner
PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese
PPR 55 Tonner

2' gauge

CSAR Pankop

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT
Standard gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance
Cape gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T
Cape gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0
Cape gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U
2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope
2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

Cape gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000
2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000
Cape gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000
Cape gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000